Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Basic Concepts in Early Childhood Educational Standards: A 50-State Review

  • Published:
Early Childhood Education Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The incidence of basic concepts in early childhood educational standards is explored across all 50 US states. Concept inclusion in state standards is described in terms of the representation of the universe of basic concepts, representation of concept categories, the depth and breadth of individual concept inclusion, and unique examples. Developmental basic concept acquisition and instructional sequence is illustrated for each of eleven conceptual categories to highlight the systematic nature in which concept instruction should proceed. A state by state examination of the extent to which more than 300 basic language concepts are embedded in early childhood state standards is made, with examples from a variety of states cited for each category. Conclusions are made about the need for comprehensive and systematic inclusion of the universe of basic concepts in early childhood education to ensure that all children have the basic descriptive language needed to describe the world around them and comprehend and discuss subject matter in all content areas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, J. M., Johnson, K. E., Leibham, M. E., & Kelley, K. (2008). The development of conceptual interests in young children. Cognitive Development, 23(2), 324–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, W. S. (2003). High quality preschool as an economic development strategy. National Governor’s Association Governor’s Forum on Quality Preschool, Issue Brief Papers, Washington, D.C. http://www.nga.org/Files/pdf/0403gfqpibseries.PDF

  • Boehm, A. E. (1966). The development of comparative concepts in primary school children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Columbia University.

  • Boehm, A. E. (1969). Boehm test of basic concepts. New York: The Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boehm, A. E. (1976). Boehm resource guide for basic concept teaching. New York: The Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boehm, A. E., Classon, B., and Kelly, M. (1986). Preschool teachers’ spoken use of basic concepts. Unpublished manuscript, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York.

  • Booth, A. E., & Waxman, S. R. (2002). Word learning is ‘smart’: Evidence that conceptual information affects preschoolers’ extension of novel words. Cognition, 84(1), B11–B22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozhovich, L. T. (2006). Speech and practical intellectual activity of a child (an experimental-theoretical study). Part IV. Cultural-Historical Psychology and Education, 3, 101–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (1984). Bracken basic concept scale. San Antonio: Harcourt Assessments.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (1986). Incidence of basic concepts in the directions of five commonly used American tests of intelligence. School Psychology International, 7, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (1987). Bracken concept development program. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessments.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (1988). Rate and sequence of positive and negative pole concept acquisition. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools, 19, 410–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (1996). Clinical applications of a multidimensional, context-dependent model of self-concept. In B. A. Bracken (Ed.), Handbook of self concept: Developmental, social, and clinical considerations (pp. 463–505). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (1998a). Basic concept acquisition and assessment: A celebration of our world’s many dimensions. Clinicians’ Forum, 8(2), 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (1998b). Bracken basic concept scale-revised. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessments.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (2002). Bracken school readiness assessment. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (2006a). Bracken basic concept scale–receptive (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessments.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A. (2006b). Bracken expressive. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessments.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A., Barona, A., Bauermeister, J. J., Howell, K. K., Poggioli, L., & Puente, A. (1990). Multinational validation of the Bracken basic concept scale. Journal of School Psychology, 28, 325–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A., and Brown, E. F. (2008). Early identification of high-ability students: Clinical assessment of behavior. Journal for the Education of the Gifted.

  • Bracken, B. A., & Cato, L. A. (1986). Rate of conceptual development among deaf preschool and primary children as compared to a matched group of non-hearing impaired children. Psychology in the Schools, 23, 95–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bracken, B. A., & Fouad, N. (1987). Spanish translation and validation of the Bracken basic concept scale. School Psychology Review, 16, 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breen, M. J. (1985). Concurrent validity of the Bracken basic concept scale. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 3, 37–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, J. A., & Nelson, B. R. (1980). Basic concepts in oral directions of group achievement tests. The Journal of Educational Research, 50, 159–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Mendoza, O. A. P. (2003). Instruction in early comprehension and use of symbol-referent relation. Cognitive Development, 18(2), 269–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flannagan, D. P., Alfonso, V. C., Kaminer, T., & Rader, D. E. (1995). Incidence of basic concepts in the directions of new and recently revised American intelligence tests for preschool children. School Psychology International, 16, 345–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, K. K., & Bracken, B. A. (1992). Clinical utility of the Bracken basic concept scale as a preschool intellectual screener: Comparison with the Stanford-Binet for black children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21, 255–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, A. S. (1978). The importance of basic concepts in the individual assessment of preschool children. Journal of School Psychology, 16, 208–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larrabee, A. L. (2007). Predicting academic achievement through kindergarten screening: An evaluation of developmental and school readiness measures (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Dissertation Abstracts International section A: Humanities and social sciences. (AAI3228216).

  • Laughlin, T. (1995). The school readiness composite of the Bracken basic concept scale as an intellectual screening instrument. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 13, 294–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh, D. E., Brown, M. L., & Ross, S. L. (1995a). Relationship between the Bracken basic concept scale and differential ability scales with an at-risk sample of preschoolers. Psychological Reports, 76, 219–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh, D. E., Wayland, S. J., Gridley, B., & Barnes, L. L. B. (1995b). Relationship between the Bracken basic concept scale and the differential ability scales with a preschool sample. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 13, 39–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mintz, T. (2005). Linguistic and conceptual influences on adjective acquisition in 24- and 36-month olds. Developmental Psychology, 41(1), 17–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Association for the Education of Young Children. (2004). NAEYC Early childhood program standards and accreditation criteria: Curriculum. Washington DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Education Goals Panel. (1997). Special early childhood report. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuman, S. B. (2006). N is for nonsensical. Educational Leadership, 64(2), 28–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, S. P. (2007). Cross-classification and category representation in children’s concepts. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 719–731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panter, J. E. (2000). Validity of the Bracken basic concept scale–revised for predicting performance on the metropolitan readiness test–sixth edition. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 18, 104–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panter, J. E., & Bracken, B. A. (2000). Promoting school readiness. In K. M. Minke & G. G. Bear (Eds.), Preventing school problems—promoting school success: Strategies and programs that work (pp. 101–142). Bethesda, MD: NASP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panter, J. E., & Bracken, B. A. (2009). Validity of the Bracken school readiness assessment for predicting first grade readiness. Psychology in the Schools, 46(5), 397–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhyner, P. M., & Bracken, B. A. (1988). Concurrent validity of the Bracken Basic concept scale with language and intelligence measures. Journal of Communication Disorders, 21, 479–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarnecka, B. W., & Gelman, S. A. (2004). Six does not just mean a lot: Preschoolers see number words as specific. Cognition, 92(3), 329–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, B. H., & Gervais, M. D. (1991). Identifying gifted kindergarten students with brief screening measures and the WPPSI-R. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 9(3), 255–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott-Little, C., Kagan, S. L., & Frelow, V. S. (2003). Standards for preschool children’s learning and development: Who has standards, how were they developed, and how are they used?. Greensboro, NC: SERVE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaywitz, B. A., & Shaywitz, S. E. (2005). Dyslexia (specific reading disability). Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1301–1309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, M. S., & McIntosh, D. E. (1996). Decision-making utility of the Bracken basic concept scale in identifying at-risk preschoolers. School Psychology International, 17, 293–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sterner, A. G., & McCallum, R. S. (1988). Relationship of the Gesell developmental exam and the Bracken basic concept scale to academic achievement. Journal of School Psychology, 26, 297–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and The National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education (NAECS/SDE). (2002). Early learning standards: Creating the conditions for success. Washington, DC.

  • Wilson, P. (2004). A preliminary investigation of an early intervention program: Examining the intervention effectiveness of the Bracken concept development program and the Bracken basic concept scale-revised with head start students. Psychology in the Schools, 41(3), 301–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zucker, S., & Riordan, J. (1988). Concurrent validity of new and revised conceptual language measures. Psychology in the Schools, 25, 252–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zucker, S., & Riordan, J. (1990). One-year predictive validity of new and revised conceptual measurement. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 8, 4–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruce A. Bracken.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bracken, B.A., Crawford, E. Basic Concepts in Early Childhood Educational Standards: A 50-State Review. Early Childhood Educ J 37, 421–430 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-009-0363-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-009-0363-7

Keywords

Navigation