Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Preservice Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Inclusion in Early Childhood Classrooms: A Review of the Literature

  • Published:
Early Childhood Education Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to describe what has been learned over the past 20 years of research on general early childhood preservice teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion. An extensive literature review was conducted to critically examine the purposes that guided the reviewed studies, the methods used to measure preservice teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion, and the major findings of these studies. A total of sixteen studies were identified. Results of this review revealed that general early childhood preservice teachers held positive attitudes toward inclusion. However, they had mixed feelings toward their preparedness for working with children with disabilities, especially those children with severe disabilities or challenging behaviors. Related to factors (e.g., course work, field experience) that influenced the teachers’ attitudes, there were mixed findings. The methods the researchers used varied, although most studies included surveys or interviews. Gaps in the literature and implications for future research and practice are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

*Studies reviewed for the current literature review paper

  • Antonak, R. F. (1982). Development and psychometric analysis of the scale of attitudes toward disabled persons. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 13(2), 22–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antonak, R. F., & Larrivee, B. (1995). Psychometrick analysis and revision of the opinions relative to mainstreaming scale. Exceptional Children, 62, 139–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashton, P. T. (1985). Motivation and teacher’s sense of efficacy. In C. Ames & R. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education: The classroom milieu (pp. 141–174). Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • *Atiles, J. T., Jones, J. L., & Kim, H. (2012). Field experience + inclusive ECE classrooms = increased practice teacher efficacy in working with students with developmental delays or disabilities. Educational Research Quarterly, 36, 69–85.

  • Avramidis, E., & Norwich, B. (2002). Teachers’ attitudes towards integration/inclusion: A review of the literature. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17, 129–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Barned, N., Knapp, N. F., Neuharth-Pritchett, S. (2011). Knowledge and attitudes of early childhood preservice teachers regarding the inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 32, 302–321.

  • *Baum, A. C., & McMurray-Schwarz, P. (2003). Improving early childhood teacher education: Preservice teachers’ beliefs about inclusion. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 24, 147–155.

  • Bialka, C. S. (2017). Understanding the factors that shape dispositions toward students with disabilities: A case study of three general education pre-service teachers. International Journal of Inclusive Education., 21, 616–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruder, M. B., Mogro-Wilson, C., Stayton, V., & Dietrich, S. L. (2009). The national status of in-service professional development systems for early intervention and early childhood special education practitioners. Infants & Young Children, 22(1), 13–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Boer, A., Pijl, S. J., & Minnaert, A. (2011). Regular primary school teachers’ attitudes toward inclusive education: A review of the literature. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 15, 331–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DEC/NAEYC. (2009). Early childhood inclusion: A joint position statement of the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) and the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). The University of North Carolina, FPG Child Development Institute.

  • DeSimone, J. R., Maldonado, N. S., & Rodriguez, M. V. (2013). Attitudes about inclusion: Through the lens of practitioners and novices. Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship, 2, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunst, C. J., & Bruder, M. B. (2014). Preservice professional preparation and teachers’ self efficacy appraisals of natural environment and inclusion practices. Teacher Education and Special Education, 37, 121–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Garriott, P. P., Miller, M., & Snyder, L. (2003). Preservice teachers’ beliefs about inclusive education: What should teacher educators know? Action in Teacher Education, 25, 48–54.

  • Gething, L. (1991). A report of administration of the Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale. Australian Disability Review, 44, 20–30. 

    Google Scholar 

  • Guralnick, M. J., & Bruder, M. B. (2016). Early childhood inclusion in the United States: Goals, current status, and future directions. Infants and Young Children, 29, 166–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Hadadian, A., & Chiang, L. (2007). Special education training and preservice teachers. International Journal of Special Education, 22, 103–106.

  • IDEIA, (2004). Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108–446, 118 Stat. 2647.

  • *Jeon, H., & Peterson, C. A. (2003). Preservice teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion: Early childhood education and elementary education programs. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 24, 171–179.

  • Jordan, A., Schwartz, E., & McGhie-Richmond, M. (2009). Preparing teachers for inclusive classrooms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25, 535–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larrivee, B., & Cook, L. (1979). Mainstreaming: A study of the variables affecting teacher attitudes. Journal of Special Education, 13, 315–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lautenbach, F., & Heyder, A. (2019). Changing attitudes to inclusion in preservice teacher education: A systematic review. Educational Research, 61, 231–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Leatherman, J. M., & Niemeyer, J. A. (2005). Teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion: Factors influencing classroom practice. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 26, 23–36.

  • Lee, F. L. M., Yeung, A. S., Tracey, D., & Barker, K. (2015). Inclusion of children with special needs in early childhood education: What teacher characteristics matter. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 35, 79–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levins, T., Bornholt, L., & Lennon, B. (2005). Teachers’ experience, attitudes, feelings and behavioral intentions towards children with special educational needs. Social Psychology of Education, 8, 329–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Love, H., & Horn, E. (2019). Definition, context, quality: Current issues in research examining high-quality inclusive education. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2F0271121419846342

  • *Mahar, P., Terras, K., Chiasson, K., Chalmers, L., & Lee, T. (2010 Fall). Preservice general education teachers’ attitudes and knowledge of special education. Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 23–32.

  • *Niemeyer, J. A., & Proctor, R. (2002). The influence of experience on student teachers’ beliefs about inclusion. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 23, 49–57. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Pub. L. No. 107–110 (2001).

  • Olley, J. G., DeVellis, R. F., DeVellis, B. M., Wall, A. J., & Long, C. E. (1981). The autism attitude scale for teachers. Exceptional Children, 47, 371–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Park, M., Chitiyo, M., & Choi, Y. S. (2010). Examining pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward children with autism in the USA. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 10, 107–114.

  • *Rakap. S., Cig, O., & Parlak-Rakap, A. (2017). Preparing preschool teacher candidates for inclusion: Impact of two special education courses on their perspectives. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 17, 98–109.

  • Rakap, S., & Kaczmarek, L. (2010). Teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion in Turkey. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 25, 59–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Rakap, S., Parlak-Rakap, A., & Aydin, B. (2016). Investigation and comparison of Turkish and American preschool teacher candidates’ attitudes towards inclusion of young children with disabilities. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 20, 1223–1237.

  • Rao, S. M., & Lim, L. (1999). Beliefs and attitudes of pre-service teachers toward teaching children with disabilities. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Association on Mental Retardation, New Orleans, LA.

  • Segall, M. (2008). Inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder: Educator experience, knowledge, and attitudes. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.

  • Sharma, U., Forlin, C., & Loreman, T. (2008). Impact of training on pre-service teachers attitudes and concerns about inclusive education and sentiments about persons with disabilities. Disability & Society, 23, 773–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Stites, M. L., Rakes, C. R., Noggle, A. K., & Shah, S. (2018). Preservice teacher perceptions of preparedness to teach in inclusive settings as an indicator of teacher preparation program effectiveness. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 9, 21–39.

  • *Stites, M. L., Walter, H. L., & Krikorian, J. G. (2021). These aren’t the kids I signed up for: The lived experience of general education, early childhood preservice teachers in classrooms for children with special needs. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 42(1), 1–19.

  • Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48, 1273–1296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H. (1971). Attitudes and attitude change. Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tschannen-Moran, M., & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2001). Teacher efficacy: Capturing and elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 783–805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/U.S. Department of Education. (2015). Policy statement on inclusion of children with disabilities in early childhood programs. https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/guid/earlylearning/joint-statement-full-text.pdf

  • *Voss, J. A., & Bufkin, L. J. (2011). Teaching all children: Preparing early childhood preservice teachers in inclusive settings. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 32, 338–354.

  • *Yu, S., & Park, H. (2020). Early Childhood preservice teachers’ attitude development toward inclusion. Early Childhood Education Journal, 48, 497–506.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to SeonYeong Yu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yu, S., Cho, E. Preservice Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Inclusion in Early Childhood Classrooms: A Review of the Literature. Early Childhood Educ J 50, 687–698 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01187-0

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01187-0

Keywords

Navigation