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A TME study with the fungicide pyrimethanil combined with different moisture regimes: effects on enchytraeids

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Abstract

Today’s ecosystems are influenced by different factors that could evolve into stressors. Effects of pesticides, especially in agricultural areas, may interact with environmental factors, such as soil moisture fluctuation caused by global climate change. In this contribution, two semi-field studies conducted in Germany and Portugal with terrestrial model ecosystems are presented. Their aim was to assess the effects of the fungicide pyrimethanil under different soil moisture levels on Enchytraeidae. In Portugal a no observed effect concentration design was chosen, using two concentration levels: the maximum application rate (MAR) according to the safe use registration within the European Union and five times the MAR (1.82 and 9.09 mg/kg dry soil, respectively). Both concentrations did neither affect the total enchytraeid abundance nor single populations. In Germany an ECx design (effect concentration) was conducted, using 11 concentrations. In general, 14 EC50 values for different combinations of single species, moisture level and sampling date were determined. The strongest effects were found in dry soil, particularly for Fridericia connata (EC50: 3.48 mg/kg dry soil after 8 weeks of exposure). The advantages and challenges of these test designs are discussed with regard to the registration process of pesticides in the European Union. In any case, enchytraeids are suitable test organisms in such higher tier studies for the combined evaluation of chemical and climatic stressors due to their usually high diversity and abundances and their close contact with the soil solution.

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Acknowledgments

The present study was funded by the research funding programme “LOEWE—Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz” of Hesse’s Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts. It (HA Project No. 155/08-17) is financially supported in the framework of Hessen ModellProjekte, financed with funds of LOEWE - Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Förderlinie 3: KMU-Verbundvorhaben (State Offensive for the Development of Scientific and Economic Excellence). Ee Ling Ng was sponsored by an EU grant under the ERASMUS Mundus programme (European Master in Applied Ecology). The test formulation of pyrimethanil was kindly provided by BASF SE. The authors wish to thank Miki Balint for statistical advice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LOEWE Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK-F, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany

    Cornelia Bandow & Jörg Römbke

  2. ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstrasse 2-14, 65439, Flörsheim, Germany

    Cornelia Bandow, Rüdiger M. Schmelz & Jörg Römbke

  3. Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany

    Cornelia Bandow

  4. Future Soils Laboratory, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Ee Ling Ng

  5. Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Science Faculty, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain

    Rüdiger M. Schmelz

  6. CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    José Paulo Sousa

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  1. Cornelia Bandow
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  2. Ee Ling Ng
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  3. Rüdiger M. Schmelz
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Correspondence to Cornelia Bandow.

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Bandow, C., Ng, E.L., Schmelz, R.M. et al. A TME study with the fungicide pyrimethanil combined with different moisture regimes: effects on enchytraeids. Ecotoxicology 25, 213–224 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1581-y

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