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Genetic variation in the ADIPOQ gene, adiponectin concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian Randomization analysis using data from three large cohort studies

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Abstract

Higher levels of circulating adiponectin have been related to lower risk of colorectal cancer in several prospective cohort studies, but it remains unclear whether this association may be causal. We aimed to improve causal inference in a Mendelian Randomization meta-analysis using nested case–control studies of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC, 623 cases, 623 matched controls), the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, 231 cases, 230 controls) and the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 399 cases, 774 controls) with available data on pre-diagnostic adiponectin concentrations and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene. We created an ADIPOQ allele score that explained approximately 3% of the interindividual variation in adiponectin concentrations. The ADIPOQ allele score was not associated with risk of colorectal cancer in logistic regression analyses (pooled OR per score-unit unit 0.97, 95% CI 0.91, 1.04). Genetically determined twofold higher adiponectin was not significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer using the ADIPOQ allele score as instrumental variable (pooled OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.40, 1.34). In a summary instrumental variable analysis (based on previously published data) with higher statistical power, no association between genetically determined twofold higher adiponectin and risk of colorectal cancer was observed (0.99, 95% CI 0.93, 1.06 in women and 0.94, 95% CI 0.88, 1.01 in men). Thus, our study does not support a causal effect of circulating adiponectin on colorectal cancer risk. Due to the limited genetic determination of adiponectin, larger Mendelian Randomization studies are necessary to clarify whether adiponectin is causally related to lower risk of colorectal cancer.

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Acknowledgements

The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); ERC-2009-AdG 232997 and Nordforsk, Nordic Centre of Excellence Programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada; PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (No. 6236), and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). Measurement of biomarkers in EPIC was partly supported by World Cancer Research Fund International and Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WCRF NL). The research based on the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professional Follow-up Study are financially supported by U.S. NIH grants [P01 CA87969, UM1 CA186107, R01 CA49449 (to NHS), P01 CA55075, UM1 CA167552 (to HPFS), P50 CA127003 (to C.S. Fuchs), R01 CA151993, R35 CA197735 (to S. Ogino), K24 DK098311 and R01 CA137178 (to A.T. Chan)]. A.T. Chan is a Damon Runyon Clinical Investigator. We would like to thank the participants and staff of the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study for their valuable contributions as well as the following state cancer registries for their help: AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WA, WY. The authors assume full responsibility for analyses and interpretation of these data.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany

    Katharina Nimptsch, Jürgen Janke & Tobias Pischon

  2. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Katharina Nimptsch, Mingyang Song, Majken K. Jensen, Edward L. Giovannucci, Eric Rimm & Kana Wu

  3. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Mingyang Song, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino & Eric Rimm

  4. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Mingyang Song, Dawn Q. Chong & Andrew T. Chan

  5. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Mingyang Song, Dawn Q. Chong & Andrew T. Chan

  6. Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany

    Krasimira Aleksandrova

  7. Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece

    Michail Katsoulis

  8. Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research at London, UCL, London, UK

    Michail Katsoulis

  9. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France

    Heinz Freisling, Mazda Jenab & Marc J. Gunter

  10. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita, Amanda J. Cross & Elio Riboli

  11. Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece

    Konstantinos K. Tsilidis

  12. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

    Elisabete Weiderpass

  13. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway

    Elisabete Weiderpass

  14. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Elisabete Weiderpass

  15. Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland

    Elisabete Weiderpass

  16. Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands

    H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita

  17. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita

  18. Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Dawn Q. Chong

  19. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Majken K. Jensen, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, Eric Rimm & Andrew T. Chan

  20. Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Chunsen Wu & Kim Overvad

  21. Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

    Chunsen Wu

  22. Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

    Chunsen Wu

  23. Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

    Tilman Kühn & Myrto Barrdahl

  24. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

    Olle Melander & Karin Jirström

  25. Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Petra H. Peeters

  26. MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK

    Petra H. Peeters

  27. Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy

    Sabina Sieri

  28. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy

    Salvatore Panico

  29. Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

    Bethany Van Guelpen & Robin Myte

  30. Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

    José María Huerta

  31. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

    José María Huerta & Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco

  32. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

    Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco

  33. Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain

    José Ramón Quirós

  34. Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute- Ciberesp, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain

    Miren Dorronsoro

  35. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Anne Tjønneland & Anja Olsen

  36. Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Ruth Travis

  37. Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France

    Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Franck Carbonnel & Gianluca Severi

  38. Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France

    Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Franck Carbonnel & Gianluca Severi

  39. Department of Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University hospitals Paris-Sud, Site de Bicêtre, Paris Sud University, Paris XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Villejuif, France

    Franck Carbonnel

  40. Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy

    Gianluca Severi

  41. Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

    Gianluca Severi

  42. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Gianluca Severi

  43. Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain

    Catalina Bonet

  44. Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy

    Domenico Palli

  45. Genetics of Allergic Disease Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany

    Young-Ae Lee

  46. Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany

    Heiner Boeing

  47. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Shuji Ogino & Charles S. Fuchs

  48. Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Shuji Ogino

  49. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Andrew T. Chan

  50. Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany

    Tobias Pischon

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  1. Katharina Nimptsch
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  2. Mingyang Song
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  3. Krasimira Aleksandrova
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katharina Nimptsch.

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Conflict of interest

Andrew T. Chan declared consultancies for Bayer Healthcare and Pfizer Inc. Ruth Travis declared salary and support for EPIC-Oxford from Cancer Research UK (paid by the University of Oxford), support for prostate cancer research project on metabolomics from the World Cancer Research Fund as well as support for EPIC-Oxford from the UK Medical Research Council. All other authors declared no potential conflict of interest.

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Nimptsch, K., Song, M., Aleksandrova, K. et al. Genetic variation in the ADIPOQ gene, adiponectin concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian Randomization analysis using data from three large cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 32, 419–430 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-017-0262-y

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