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Persistence behaviour of imidacloprid and its metabolites in soil under sugarcane

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Abstract

The persistence and metabolism of imidacloprid in soil under sugarcane were studied following application of imidacloprid at 20 and 80 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1. Soil samples were collected at different time intervals (7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days after application), and the residues of imidacloprid and its metabolites (6-chloronicotinic acid, nitrosimine, imidacloprid-NTG, olefin, urea and 5-hydroxy) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. In soil, the total imidacloprid residues were mainly constituted by the parent compound followed by 6-chloronicotinic acid, nitrosimine and imidacloprid-NTG metabolites. Maximum residues of imidacloprid and its metabolites were 4.29 and 7.81 mg kg−1 in soil samples collected 7 days after the application of imidacloprid at 20 and 80 g a.i. ha−1, respectively. At both doses, these residues declined to below the detectable limit in soil after 90 days of application. Olefin, urea and 5-hydroxy metabolites were not detected in soil. Dissipation of total imidacloprid residues did not follow the first-order kinetics with a coefficient of determination value of 0.883 and 0.838 for the recommended dose and four times the recommended dose, respectively. The half-life (T 1/2) value of total imidacloprid was observed to be 10.64 and 10.10 days for the recommended dose and four times the recommended dose, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Professor and Head of the Department of Entomology, PAU, Ludhiana, for providing the necessary research facilities.

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  1. Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India

    Smriti Sharma & Balwinder Singh

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  1. Smriti Sharma
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  2. Balwinder Singh
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Correspondence to Smriti Sharma.

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Sharma, S., Singh, B. Persistence behaviour of imidacloprid and its metabolites in soil under sugarcane. Environ Monit Assess 186, 2281–2288 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3536-1

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