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Methanolic extracts of a selected Egyptian Vicia faba cultivar mitigate the oxidative/inflammatory burden and afford neuroprotection in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

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Abstract

Vicia faba L. is a legume from the family Fabaceae. Ancient Egyptians consumed fava beans thousands of years ago and they are still one of the most popular foods in Egypt. The current study examined the anti-Parkinson effect of 80% methanolic extracts of seeds or sprouts of the fava ‘Sakha 3 ‘cultivar which has been selected based on the total phenol content among three cultivars tested. In addition, the extracts were characterized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC–DAD-QTOF-MS). Three doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) of 80% methanol extracts of seeds or sprouts of the Sakha 3 cultivar were evaluated in rotenone–Parkinsonian mice from behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological aspects. The extract of fava sprouts (600 mg/kg dose) showed the most beneficial effect. It improved motor activity, enhanced striatal dopamine level, and decreased the striatal malondialdehyde, as well as the expression of the inflammatory markers, compared with the rotenone control group and groups receiving lower therapeutic doses of the extracts or l-Dopa. In addition, these findings were supported by a histopathological investigation which indicated that mice treated with the 600-mg/kg dose of the sprout extract showed a low number of degenerated neurons. The application of RP-HPLC–DAD-QTOF-MS and mass/mass spectroscopy enabled the metabolic profiling of the sprouts and seeds of the ‘Sakha 3′ cultivar. It is obvious that germination increased the amounts of phenolic acids, saponins, and aromatic amino acids, together with a dramatic increase in flavonoids. In conclusion, the 80% methanolic extract of sprouts of the fava “Sakha 3” cultivar may be a promising candidate for treating Parkinsonism if appropriate safety data are available.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledged Dr. Mohey Malek (Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center in Giza, Egypt) for identification and supplying the plant material.

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EAS and EAM: set the main idea of the manuscript; MMT and DMYE: collecting and extraction of plant material; EAS, EAM, MMT, and DMYE: designing of the experiment of extraction experiment; AMY and SAZ: design and conduction of animal experiment; RE: Histopathology, CRP, ASC and RHM: LC–MS experiment; CRP, ASC and RHM: analysis of LC-MD data; all authors: writing and revising the manuscript; EAS: manuscript submission.

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Correspondence to Essam Abdel-Sattar.

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Abdel-Sattar, E., Mahrous, E.A., Thabet, M.M. et al. Methanolic extracts of a selected Egyptian Vicia faba cultivar mitigate the oxidative/inflammatory burden and afford neuroprotection in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Inflammopharmacol 29, 221–235 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-020-00768-6

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