Abstract
Hybrid ferromagnetic/piezoelectric core–shell nanoparticles and ceramics have potential for a wide range of applications due to their tunability, electronic and magnetic properties. In this study, we designed a core–shell-type nanostructure of composition CoFe2O4/BNT-BT0.08, where BNT-BT0.08 is the abbreviation of bismuth, sodium titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, BNT) doped with 8 mol% barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT). This multiferroic composite was prepared by covering CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with a shell of BNT-BT0.08 using the sol–gel technique. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed formation of a core–shell structure. The results of microstructure, dielectric, piezoelectric and magnetic investigations demonstrated that this heterostructure shows simultaneously electrical and magnetic behavior, at room temperature. XRD pattern of core–shell composite CoFe2O4/BNT-BT0.08 powder reveals only cubic CoFe2O4 and rhombohedral Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 phases. CoFe2O4/BNT-BT0.08 core–shell nanostructure sample shows high values of permittivity (ε ≥ 600) together with high dielectric losses (tan δ ≥ 1) in the low-frequency range (ν ≤ 104 Hz). PFM and polarization hysteresis indicated a ferroelectric domains structure and remnant polarization of ~ 2.6 µC/cm2 for the ceramics pellets samples of CoFe2O4/BNT-BT0.08. The present study reveals the possibility of coating nanoparticles onto nanometer-sized core particles, using controlled sol–gel process, in order to prepare multifunctional core–shell composites for piezoelectric and magnetoelectronic sensors.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. L. Diamandescu for helpful comments on the XRD analyses. The SEM analyses on the samples were possible due to EU-funding grant POSCCE-A2-O2.2.1-2013-1/Priority direction 2, Project No. 638/12.03.2014, cod SMIS-CSNR 48652.
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Cernea, M., Vasile, B.S., Ciuchi, I.V. et al. Synthesis and characterization of novel ferrite–piezoelectric multiferroic core–shell-type structure. J Mater Sci 53, 9650–9661 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2264-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2264-x