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Anodization growth of TiO2 nanotubes on Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta alloy: effects of anodization time, strain hardening, and crystallographic texture

  • Materials for life sciences
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Abstract

Titanium and its alloys are the most suitable metallic materials available for the fabrication of medical implants. Their biocompatibility can be improved by the growth of TiO2 nanotubes on their surface by a simple anodization process. This work involved an investigation into the anodization behavior of Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta (TNZT) alloy, focusing on the effect of processing conditions (anodization time and type of electrolyte), previous strain hardening, and crystallographic texture of the substrate. Studies about the growth of TiO2 nanotubes on β-type titanium alloys, as the TNZT alloy, are rare in the literature. The TNZT alloy proved to be an excellent substrate for the growth of TiO2 nanotubes, resulting in threefold longer nanotubes than those obtained on a commercially pure (CP) Ti substrate. Moreover, TiO2 nanowires grew after 6 h of anodization in an organic electrolyte, which could not be achieved using the CP-Ti substrate. Samples with different crystallographic textures displayed similar nanotube morphology and only slight differences in grain length, indicating that grain orientation played only a minor role in the growth kinetics. Lastly, the crystallization of nanotubes at 450 °C did not alter their morphology, but caused complete detachment of the TiO2 nanotubes at 700 °C.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge LNNano/CNPEM (National Nanotechnology Laboratory of the National Center for Research on Energy and Materials) for providing access to its SEM facilities. This work was supported by the Brazilian research funding agency FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation) [Grant #2017/16715-0].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Mendeleyev, 200, Campinas, SP, 13083-860, Brazil

    Leonardo Fanton, Alessandra Cremasco, Mariana G. Mello & Rubens Caram

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  1. Leonardo Fanton
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  2. Alessandra Cremasco
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  3. Mariana G. Mello
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  4. Rubens Caram
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LF is the main author, performed the experiments, and took the lead in writing the paper. MGM and AC contributed to the implementation of the research and to the interpretation of the results. RC designed and supervised the study and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Leonardo Fanton.

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Fanton, L., Cremasco, A., Mello, M.G. et al. Anodization growth of TiO2 nanotubes on Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta alloy: effects of anodization time, strain hardening, and crystallographic texture. J Mater Sci 54, 13724–13739 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03870-5

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