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Polymeric nanowrinkles: surface modification of polypropylene films in the VUV energy range

  • Polymers & biopolymers
  • Published:
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Abstract

The development of strategies for shape-programming polymer materials has been considerably growing. This is due to the possibility of shifting two to three-dimensional shapes producing nanotexturing, such as nanowrinkles. In this work, nanowrinkle patterns were produced in polypropylene (PP) films using a broadband non-monochromatic radiation ranging from 3 to 21 eV by a synchrotron source. The superficial modification was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the chemical modifications of the PP samples. The surface modifications became more evident as the exposure time increased, proving that the formation of nanowrinkles presents a time-dependent behavior, clearly proved by AFM and SEM analysis. Another important aspect is that nanowrinkles consist of a thin layer compatible with the photon penetration depth in this energy range with almost no change in bulk. The spectroscopic results show crosslinking and unsaturated bonds formation increase as a function of time, which corroborates nanowrinkle formation via stress creation on the surface plane, and the relief of this stress outside the plane.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the staff of the Brazilian Synchrotron National Facility (LNLS) (proposal TGM 17983, TGM-15928 and TGM-20150235) and Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) (proposal AFM1-18242, AFM-20546, SEM 18226, XPS-18173 and XPS-20307) for their valuable help during the experiments. M.G.P.H., W.R.W and S.A.C acknowledge FAPESP for the financial support under grants 2015/08258-2, 2016/24936-3 and 2016/25703-2, respectively. This research was also supported by the Brazilian agency CAPES (Finance Code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, Santo André, SP, 5001, Brazil

    Lays B. Fitaroni & Manoel G. P. Homem

  2. Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, Sorocaba, SP, SP-264, Brazil

    Thiago A. Cacuro & Walter R. Waldman

  3. Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Rua Giuseppe M. Scolfaro 10,000, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Carlos A. R. Costa & Evandro M. Lanzoni

  4. Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source, Rua Giuseppe M. Scolfaro 10,000, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Douglas Galante

  5. Materials Metrology Division, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil

    Joyce R. Araujo

  6. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, SP-310, Brazil

    Sandra A. Cruz

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  1. Lays B. Fitaroni
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  2. Thiago A. Cacuro
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Correspondence to Sandra A. Cruz.

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Fitaroni, L.B., Cacuro, T.A., Costa, C.A.R. et al. Polymeric nanowrinkles: surface modification of polypropylene films in the VUV energy range. J Mater Sci 56, 9532–9543 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-05879-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-05879-1

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