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Evidence of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) and ultrahigh hardness in additively-manufactured near-eutectic Ni–Nb

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Abstract

The temperature-dependent hardness of additively-manufactured near-eutectic Ni–Nb was investigated. This alloy was found to have solidified into a two-phase nanoscale microstructure with peak hardness of H ≅ 14–17 GPa at temperatures up to 400 °C, above which irreversible softening was observed despite retention of significant strength compared to traditionally-synthesized Ni-based superalloys. Experiments and molecular-dynamics simulations show that deformation for single-phase nanocrystalline volumes was confined to intragranular slip-band formation in δ-Ni3Nb and to intergranular grain-boundary sliding in μ-Ni6Nb7. However, microscopy in the nanostructured two-phase regions after severe plastic deformation indicated that phase boundaries acted as nucleation sites for dislocations, promoting twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) in the μ-Ni6Nb7 grains. This work highlights (1) that additive manufacturing techniques enable formation of unique microstructures that exhibit superior mechanical properties, and (2) that multi-phase intermetallic compounds provide a route to mitigate brittle fracture though the promotion of twinning-induced plasticity. High strength and the absence of interface decohesion (cracking) suggests that multi-phase intermetallic systems may be a viable route for design of new printable superalloys. These results suggest that additive manufacturing methods and rapid solidification via non-equilibrium pathways may enable a pathway for achieving high combined strength and ductility.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. F.W.D. was supported by the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a Department of Energy office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. I.J.B. gratefully acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-21-1-2536. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government. The authors acknowledge Raymond Puckett at Sandia for conducting the AM processing experiments.

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  1. Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA

    Morgan R. Jones, Hannah C. Howard, Melina A. Endsley & Irene J. Beyerlein

  2. Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87123, USA

    Morgan R. Jones, N. Scott Bobbitt, Frank W. DelRio, Mark A. Wilson, Jonathan W. Pegues, Ping Lu, Andrew B. Kustas & Michael Chandross

  3. Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Nicolas Argibay

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Jones, M.R., Bobbitt, N.S., DelRio, F.W. et al. Evidence of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) and ultrahigh hardness in additively-manufactured near-eutectic Ni–Nb. J Mater Sci 58, 9723–9736 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08636-8

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