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Germanium oxide glass based metal-dielectric nanocomposites: fabrication and optical characterization: a review of new developments

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Abstract

We review recent experimental results with germanate glasses containing rare-earth ions (RE) and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) nucleated by appropriate heat-treatment of samples. In one study, the photoluminescence (PL) due to an infrared-to-visible frequency upconversion (UC) process was investigated in Bi2O3–GeO2 (BGO) glasses co-doped with ytterbium (Yb3+) and erbium (Er3+) ions when low concentration of AgNO3 was added to the starting glass composition. By exciting the samples at 980 nm, in resonance with the Yb3+ transition, we investigated the influence of the Ag-NPs on the UC process. The Er3+ PL was enhanced, up to 100%, due to the increased local-field sensed by the RE and to the efficient Yb3+ → Er3+ energy-transfer. In another set of experiments, we studied the behavior of BGO glasses containing thulium ions (Tm3+) and Ag-NPs. The role of energy-transfer from bismuth centers to Tm3+ was investigated. PL and relative gain enhancements of ≈ 56% and 500%, respectively, were observed due to the influence of Ag-NPs. Using a pump laser operating at 808 nm (6 W) and a probe laser at 1470 nm (0.6 mW) the relative gain measured at 1470 nm was 4.5 dB/cm. The results from the two sets of experiments indicate that Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped BGO glass with Ag-NPs is an efficient upconverter and Tm3+ doped BGO glass with Ag-NPs can be used as efficient optical amplifier in the short-wave infrared region.

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Fig. 1

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier (Color figure online)

Fig. 2

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier

Fig. 3

Adapted from Ref. [15]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier (Color figure online)

Fig. 4

Adapted with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier

Fig. 5

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier

Fig. 6

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier

Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier

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Acknowledgements

We thank the financial support from the Brazilian Agencies: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - Grant: INCT/CNPq 465.763/2014 (Instituto de Fotônica), Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco - FACEPE: APQ 0409-1.05/17, and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES) - PROEX 534/2018, grant: 23038.003382/2018-39. This work was performed in the framework of the PRONEX- Center of Excellence Program. The Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) of the CNPEM-Campinas/Brazil, is also acknowledged for the TEM measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade de Tecnologia de São Paulo, CEETEPS, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    L. R. P. Kassab, L. Bontempo & D. M. da Silva

  2. Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos, Escola Politécnica da USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    M. M. Miranda, D. K. Kumada & L. Bontempo

  3. Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil

    C. B. de Araújo

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  1. L. R. P. Kassab
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Kassab, L.R.P., Miranda, M.M., Kumada, D.K. et al. Germanium oxide glass based metal-dielectric nanocomposites: fabrication and optical characterization: a review of new developments. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 16781–16788 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01312-1

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