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An in vitro assessment of the influences of different wire materials and bracket systems when correcting dental crowding

  • Clinical Applications of Biomaterials
  • Original Research
  • Published:
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Abstract

A recently developed orthodontic wire alloy known as GUMMETAL® is claimed to deliver more physiological forces to correct dental mispositioning. However, its mechanical characteristics have not been fully characterized yet. This study aimed to determine and compare the elastic properties of different wire alloys, such as nickel–titanium (NiTi), stainless steel (SS), and GUMMETAL®, and assess their unloading forces when combined with either conventional or self-ligating brackets (CL and SL) when correcting dental crowding. All wires had a 0.016″ cross-section diameter. A three-point bending test was performed to assess the maximum deflection of each wire. Then, a subsequent analysis measured the unloading force for each wire/bracket system in a dental crowding clinical simulation device. The test was carried out in a universal testing machine with a cross-speed displacement of 0.5 mm/min. Data were recorded in different ranges and statistically evaluated using two-way analysis of variance. GUMMETAL® displayed higher unloading mean forces in SL brackets (2228.78 cN) than CL brackets (1967.38 cN) for the 1.6–3.0 deflection interval (p = 0.018). Within this interval, NiTi showed higher forces when used with CL brackets (2683.06 cN) than with SL brackets (1179.66 cN) (p < 0.0001). For the CL bracket systems, SS wires showed higher forces (2125.31 cN) in the 1.0–1.6 deflection interval than the other two wire alloys (NiTi, 1541.52 cN and GUMMETAL®, 852.65 cN) (p < 0.0001). SS wires also displayed lower forces with SL brackets (1844.01 cN) than in CL brackets (2125.31 cN) (p = 0.049). Thus, only GUMMETAL® revealed to be an optimal choice for SL brackets, whereas NiTi for CL brackets.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the support of CoraldentⒶ that provided as a gift all GUMMETAL® archwires for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, Univeritas UNG, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil

    Ana Carla Raphaelli Nahás-Scocate, Marcos Bitencourt Neves, Lucas Torres de Souza, Hélio Doyle Pereira da Silva & Murilo Matias

  2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Univeritas UNG, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil

    Alline de Cerqueira Kasaz, Hélio Doyle Pereira da Silva & Dimorvan Bordin

  3. Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA

    Eduardo Listik

  4. Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard, 9 building 1610, 486, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Paolo Maria Cattaneo

  5. CoraldentⒶ, Rua Ibitirama, 987/989, São Paulo, SP, 03133-100, Brazil

    Marcos Coral Scocate

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  1. Ana Carla Raphaelli Nahás-Scocate
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Contributions

ACRN-S, MBN, LTS, ACK, DB, and MM collected data. HDPS performed data curation. MCS acquired funds and resources. PMC provided a critical analysis of the data. ACRN-S and EL drafted and revised the paper. All authors approved the final version of this document.

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Correspondence to Dimorvan Bordin.

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Nahás-Scocate, A.C.R., Neves, M.B., de Souza, L.T. et al. An in vitro assessment of the influences of different wire materials and bracket systems when correcting dental crowding. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 31, 108 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-020-06428-z

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