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Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users

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Abstract

Cocaine use is highly prevalent and a major public health problem. While some studies have reported frequent comorbidity problems among cocaine users, few studies have included evaluation of gambling problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gambling problems and compare those who were at-risk gamblers with non-problem gamblers in terms of mental health problems, substance use problems, and some risk factors (i.e. family antecedents, erroneous perceptions and coping strategies) among individuals who smoke or inject cocaine. A total of 424 smoked or injected cocaine users recruited through community-based programs in Montreal (Quebec) completed the questionnaire, including the Canadian Pathological Gambling Index, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the CAGE, and the Severity Dependence Scale. Of the sample, 18.4 % were considered at-risk gamblers, of whom 7.8 % had problems gambling and 10.6 % were moderate-risk gamblers. The at-risk group was more likely to have experienced a recent phobic disorder and alcohol problems than the non-problem group. A multivariate analysis showed that, compared to those who were non-problem gamblers, the at-risk ones were more likely to have lost a large sum of money when they first started gambling, believed that their luck would turn, and gambled in reaction to painful life events. These results indicate the need to include routines for screening to identify gambling problem among cocaine users.

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Acknowledgments

The Canadian Institutes of Health Research provided funding. The authors would like to thank the all participants that collaborated in this study and all members of the research team. Finally, the authors would like to thank Eva Monso for her linguistic revision.

Funding

This research was founded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Canada, Grant Number 207748.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada

    Magali Dufour, Noël Nguyen, Karine Bertrand, Adèle Morvannou, Djamal Berbiche & Élise Roy

  2. Douglas Mental Health Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Michel Perreault

  3. Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Michel Perreault

  4. Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada

    Didier Jutras-Aswad & Julie Bruneau

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Didier Jutras-Aswad

  6. Department of Family Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Julie Bruneau

  7. Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Élise Roy

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  1. Magali Dufour
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This research involves human participants. All participants gave explicit consented to take part in the study and ethics approval for the study was provided by the ‘Comité d’éthique de la recherche en santé chez l’humain du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke’. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Dufour, M., Nguyen, N., Bertrand, K. et al. Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users. J Gambl Stud 32, 1039–1053 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9594-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9594-x

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