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A Comparative Review of Mixed Mammary Tumors in Mammals

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Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mixed tumors are characterized by the histological identification of two or more cell types. Commonly, a mixture of epithelial and myoepithelial cells is included in abundant stroma, which can consist of myxoid, chondroid or bony matrices. Spontaneously arising mixed tumors are rare lesions in the human breast but are common in human salivary glands and canine mammary glands. Subtle histopathological characteristics and overlapping attributes of malignant lesions with other benign lesions can lead to a diagnostic challenge. Mixed tumors can present as benign or malignant. While malignant mixed tumors are quite rare in the human breast they have a poor prognosis. Benign mixed mammary tumors occur more frequently in female dogs than in humans and are usually associated with a good prognosis. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of mixed mammary tumors, across various mammalian species.

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Abbreviations

BMT:

benign mixed mammary tumor

CS:

carcinosarcoma

CK:

cytokeratin

CBMT:

carcinoma in benign mixed tumor

CMT:

canine mammary tumor

CMMT:

canine mixed mammary tumor

E-cadherin:

epithelial cadherin

ECM:

extracellular matrix

EMT:

epithelial mesenchymal transition

ER:

estrogen receptor

H & E:

haematoxylin and eosin

HER1:

human epidermal growth factor receptor 1

HER2:

human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

HMGI-C :

high mobility group protein isoform C

HMGI (Y):

high mobility group protein with two isomers—I and Y

MBC:

metaplastic breast cancer / metaplastic breast carcinoma

NST:

invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type

p63:

tumor protein p63

PAB:

pleomorphic adenoma of the breast

PIK3CA :

phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha gene

PR:

progesterone receptor

SMA:

smooth muscle actin

WHO:

The World Health Organization

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. This work was also funded by the Libyan Ministry of Higher Education, which awarded a scholarship to Eman S. A. Saad. Funding was given by the School of Health and Biomedical Sciences at RMIT University. This research arose from a previous grant from the Australian Companion Animal Health Foundation which was awarded to Janine A. Danks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia

    Eman S. A. Saad, Jacqueline S. Y. Lam, Awf A. Al-Khan, Samantha J. Richardson & Janine A. Danks

  2. Laverty Pathology, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia

    Jacqueline S. Y. Lam

  3. School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia

    Mourad Tayebi

  4. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia

    Michael J. Day

  5. Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

    Janine A. Danks

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  1. Eman S. A. Saad
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Correspondence to Janine A. Danks.

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Saad, E.S.A., Lam, J.S.Y., Al-Khan, A.A. et al. A Comparative Review of Mixed Mammary Tumors in Mammals. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 24, 125–137 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-018-9422-2

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