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Photoluminescent lamellar bilayer mono-alkyl-urethanesils

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Abstract

A new family of lamellar bilayer hierarchically structured mono-urethane cross-linked alkyl/siloxanes designated as mono-alkyl-urethanesils and represented by the notation m-Ut(CY)-ac, with Y = 14, 16 and 22 (where Y is the number of carbon atoms of the pendant polymer chains and ac is acid catalyzed) was prepared by the sol–gel process and self-assembly routes. The compounds were obtained as solid powders and are thermally stable up to 250 °C. The alkyl chains adopt essentially all-trans conformations and are interdigitated. The degree of interpenetration depends non-linearly on the chain length. The intrincate morphology of the samples mimicks cabbage leaves or the desert rose. The present system allowed us to conclude that the nature of the cross-link exerts a key role on the properties of this sort of silsesquioxanes. The hydrogen bonded array in the mono-alkyl-urethanesils is considerably weaker than that formed in the analogue mono-amidosil m-A(14) incorporating alkyl chains with 15 carbon atoms. The order/disorder phase transition temperatures of the mono-alkyl-urethanesils with Y = 14 and 16 are lower than that of m-A(14), making the former samples mechanically more resistant to consecutive heating/cooling cycles. The frequency of conformational-sensitive infrared modes of m-Ut(C16)-ac exhibit hysteresis behaviour during cooling after undergoing the order/disorder phase transition, but, unlike m-A(14), the latter transition, although reversible, is apparently time-independent. The hybrids display an efficient emission at room temperature in the blue-green spectral region with a maximum emission quantum yield value of 0.11 ± 0.01 (excited at 350–380 nm), which is of the same order of magnitude of that reported for m-A(14).

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Acknowledgments

The Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) (Programa Pessoa)/Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et Européennes (Programme Hubert Curien-Égide) (contract 441.00 2009/2010), FCT/FEDER (contracts PTDC/CTM/101324/2008 and PEst-C/CTM/LA0011/2011 and the Portuguese National NMR Network (RNRMN)) and CNRS are gratefully acknowledged for financial support. M. Fernandes is grateful to FCT (SFRH/BD/38530/2007) and Fundação Oriente for financial support. The authors are very grateful to A. Tonegawa and K. Kuroda, of the Faculty of Science & Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo (Japan), for the HR-SEM images, and to M. Caiut and S. J. L. Ribeiro, of the Chemistry Institute of Araraquara, UNESP (Brazil), for recording the SAXS spectra at the LNLS, Campinas (Brazil).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Mariana Fernandes & Verónica de Zea Bermudez

  2. Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, 8 rue de l’École Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Mariana Fernandes, Xavier Cattoën & Michel Wong Chi Man

  3. Department of Physics and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Rute A. S. Ferreira & Luis D. Carlos

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  1. Mariana Fernandes
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  2. Rute A. S. Ferreira
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  4. Luis D. Carlos
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Correspondence to Michel Wong Chi Man or Verónica de Zea Bermudez.

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Fernandes, M., Ferreira, R.A.S., Cattoën, X. et al. Photoluminescent lamellar bilayer mono-alkyl-urethanesils. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 65, 61–73 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2739-1

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