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The role of the sol–gel route on the interaction between rhodamine B and a silica matrix

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Abstract

A series of silica xerogels having rhodamine B (RhB) as a template and Ti centers were synthesized by distinct sol–gel routes, namely, acid-catalyzed, base-catalyzed, acid-catalyzed with base-catalyzed (two steps) hydrolytic routes and a FeCl3-catalyzed non-hydrolytic route. The interaction of RhB with the prepared silica matrix was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet–visible region, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) and confocal microscopy. Raman spectroscopy suggested the presence of Ti–O and Si–O–Ti moieties within the silica matrix. Infrared band shifts provided insight into potential interaction sites. Taking into account the results from ART, XPS, PL and confocal microscopy, encapsulation of RhB preferentially occurs inside the silica network for acid 1, basic and two-steps routes, and the presence of Ti occurs on the surface of the silica occurs for acid 2, basic and two-steps routes. Also, we have shown that although the structural characteristics of the encapsulated and extracted systems are affected by the route, the molecular structure is conserved during and after the encapsulation process.

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Acknowledgments

This project was partially financed by the CNPq and FAPERGS. C. Escobar is grateful for the grant provided by CAPES. The authors also thank the LNLS (Project D11A-SAXS1-8691) for the SAXS beamline measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Eng. Luis Englert s/n, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-040, Brazil

    Cícero Coelho de Escobar

  2. Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, CEP 91500-000, Brazil

    Mauro Henrique Dartora, Leandra Franciscato Campo, Claudio Radtke & João Henrique Zimnoch dos Santos

  3. Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, H3A 2K6, Canada

    Julia M. Bayne & Ian S. Butler

  4. Av. Carlos Gomes, 1492/1203, Porto Alegre, CEP 90480-002, Brazil

    Rafael M. Lattuada

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  1. Cícero Coelho de Escobar
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  2. Mauro Henrique Dartora
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Correspondence to João Henrique Zimnoch dos Santos.

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de Escobar, C.C., Dartora, M.H., Campo, L.F. et al. The role of the sol–gel route on the interaction between rhodamine B and a silica matrix. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 72, 260–272 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3376-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3376-7

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