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Applications of inorganic–organic mesoporous materials constructed by self-assembly processes for removal of benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene

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Abstract

The mesoporous materials MCM-41 and the functionalized inorganic–organic material p-aminobenzoic acid-MCM-41 (PABA-MCM-41) were used as adsorbents to remove the PAHs benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene from aqueous media. Both MCM-41 and PABA-MCM-41 exhibited the hexagonal mesostructures typical of the M41S family, as confirmed by SAXS, with type IV isotherms and type H1 hysteresis. The materials showed uniform mesopore size distributions, high surface areas, and thermal stability. Adsorption tests showed that for both mesoporous materials, the quantity adsorbed (q e) increased for higher initial PAH concentrations, and adsorption equilibrium was reached in around 90 min. The experimental kinetic data were fitted using the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption process could be described by the Langmuir isotherm. At higher temperatures, there were increases in the initial rates of adsorption and the kinetic constants for adsorption of the PAHs by PABA-MCM-41. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process was spontaneous, endothermic, and with a tendency toward disorder of the system at the adsorbent/adsorbate interface. The functionalization of MCM-41 increased the efficiency of adsorption of the PAHs by 44.5 and 32.0 % for benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene, respectively.

Graphical Abstract

Effect of contact time on adsorption of (a) B[k]F and (b) B[b]F by PABA-MCM-41. Conditions: 0.05 g of PABA-MCM-41, 5 mL of each PAH solution (concentration 200 µg L−1), temperature of 25 °C, contact time of 300 min, and agitation at 150 rpm.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for research Grants (Processes 309342/2010-4 and 135602/2011-4) and LNLS for the SAXS measurements (Project SAXS1 12642).

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil

    José A. S. Costa, Anuska C. F. S. Garcia, Danilo O. Santos, Maria E. de Mesquita & Luciane P. C. Romão

  2. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, SE, CEP 49500-000, Brazil

    Victor H. V. Sarmento

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  1. José A. S. Costa
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  2. Anuska C. F. S. Garcia
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Correspondence to Luciane P. C. Romão.

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Costa, J.A.S., Garcia, A.C.F.S., Santos, D.O. et al. Applications of inorganic–organic mesoporous materials constructed by self-assembly processes for removal of benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 75, 495–507 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3720-6

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