Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hybrid sol–gel silica adsorbent materials synthesized by molecular imprinting for tannin removal

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for energy, environment and building applications
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study reports the development of a functional adsorbent synthesized by the molecular imprinting method in a sol–gel matrix. The adsorption capacity of the organic-inorganic hybrid adsorbent material was tested on tannin compounds, i.e., phenolic substances that are among the most difficult compounds to remove in industrial wastewater. The specific surface area obtained by nitrogen porosimetry analysis was between 2 and 579 m2 g−1 due to each sol–gel synthetic route used. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis revealed that the hybrid silicas were arranged in a multi-level structure consisting of three levels of organization and a surface fractal structure. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed the interactions between the tannins and the silica matrix, and confirmed the partial removal of tannins after ultrasound-assisted extraction. Zeta potential analysis showed that the values ranged between −37.9 and +27.8 mV, where non-functionalized xerogels were anionic and those functionalized with organosilane were cationic. The structural and textural characteristics of the hybrid materials were found to depend on the sol–gel synthetic route, which in turn affected the adsorption capacity. The adsorbent functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane was an effective adsorbent for the tannin compounds tested here, with approximately 90% removal in aqueous solutions.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Scheme 2
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gutterres M, Aquim PM de (2013) Wastewater reuse focused on industrial applications. Wastewater Reuse Manag. p 127–164

  2. Kickelbick G (2007) Hybrid materials: synthesis, characterization, and applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  3. Schubert U, Hüsing N (2005) Synthesis of inorganic materials. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ciriminna R, Sciortino M, Alonzo G et al. (2011) From molecules to systems: sol-gel microencapsulation in silica-based materials. Chem Rev 111:765–789. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100161x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Samiey B, Cheng C-H, Wu J (2014) Organic-inorganic hybrid polymers as adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions from solutions: a review. Mater (Basel) 7:673–726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7020673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sun C, Zhang C, Li C et al. (2015) Syntheses of polyamine-bridged polysilsesquioxanes hybrid materials combining sol–gel processing and molecular imprinting applied to selective adsorption for copper. Mater Chem Phys 153:307–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.01.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wei S, Hu X, Liu H et al. (2015) Rapid degradation of Congo red by molecularly imprinted polypyrrole-coated magnetic TiO2 nanoparticles in dark at ambient conditions. J Hazard Mater 294:168–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ramström O, Mosbach K (1999) Synthesis and catalysis by molecularly imprinted materials. Curr Opin Chem Biol 3:759–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(99)00037-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jin G, Zhang B, Tang Y et al. (2011) Imprinted functionalized silica sol-gel for solid-phase extraction of triazolamin. Talanta 84:644–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Morais EC, Correa GG, Brambilla R et al. (2012) Silica imprinted materials containing pharmaceuticals as a template: textural aspects. J Solgel Sci Technol 64:324–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kanagaraj J, Senthilvelan T, Panda RC, Kavitha S (2015) Eco-friendly waste management strategies for greener environment towards sustainable development in leather industry: a comprehensive review. J Clean Prod 89:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Guieysse B, Norvill ZN (2014) Sequential chemical-biological processes for the treatment of industrial wastewaters: review of recent progresses and critical assessment. J Hazard Mater 267:142–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Dixit S, Yadav A, Dwivedi PD, Das M (2015) Toxic hazards of leather industry and technologies to combat threat: a review. J Clean Prod 87:39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ilavsky J, Jemian PR (2009) Irena: tool suite for modeling and analysis of small-angle scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 42:347–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kline SR (2006) Reduction and analysis of SANS and USANS data using IGOR Pro. JCR. J Appl Crystallogr 39:895–900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Dieudonné P, Alaoui AH, Delord P, Phalippou J (2000) Transformation of nanostructure of silica gels during drying. J Non Cryst Solids 262:155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00687-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Pujari PK, Sen D, Amarendra G et al. (2007) Study of pore structure in grafted polymer membranes using slow positron beam and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 254:278–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hunter RJ (1981) Zeta potential in colloid science: principles and applications. Academic Press, London; New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sing KSW (1985) Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984). Pure Appl Chem 57:603–619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hench LL, West JK (1990) The sol-gel process. Chem Rev 90:33–72. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00099a003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang J, Ji Y, Ding S et al. (2013) Adsorption and desorption behavior of tannic acid in aqueous solution on polyaniline adsorbent. Chin J Chem Eng 21:594–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1004-9541(13)60516-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang J, Li A, Xu L, Zhou Y (2009) Adsorption of tannic and gallic acids on a new polymeric adsorbent and the effect of Cu(II) on their removal. J Hazard Mater 169:794–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Rappoport Z, Apeloig Y (1998) The Chemistry of organic silicon compounds. 2nd ed Wiley, Chichester

    Book  Google Scholar 

  24. Vansant EF, Van Der Voort P, Vrancken KC (1995) Characterization and chemical modification of the silica surface. Stud Surf Sci Catal. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2991(06)81528-4

  25. V.M. G, S.T. M, S.V. M et al. (2011) Comparative characterization of carbon adsorbents and polymer precursors by small-angle X-ray scattering and nitrogen adsorption methods. J Phys Chem C J Phys Chem C 115:10727–10735

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rahman IA, Jafarzadeh M, Sipaut CS (2009) Synthesis of organo-functionalized nanosilica via a co-condensation modification using γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Ceram Int 35:1883–1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2008.10.028

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

J. Benvenuti is grateful for the grant provided by CAPES. The authors wish to thank LNLS (Project D11A-SAXS1-8691) for the SAXS beamline measurements.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Leather and Environmental Studies (LACOURO), Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Eng. Luis Englert s/n, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-040, Brazil

    Jaqueline Benvenuti & Mariliz Gutterres

  2. Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, CNPEM - Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, P.O.Box 6192, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil

    Larissa Brentano Capeletti

  3. Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91500-000, Brazil

    João Henrique Zimnoch dos Santos

Authors
  1. Jaqueline Benvenuti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Larissa Brentano Capeletti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mariliz Gutterres
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. João Henrique Zimnoch dos Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mariliz Gutterres or João Henrique Zimnoch dos Santos.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Benvenuti, J., Capeletti, L.B., Gutterres, M. et al. Hybrid sol–gel silica adsorbent materials synthesized by molecular imprinting for tannin removal. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 85, 446–457 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-017-4564-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-017-4564-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation