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Low Rates of Postpartum Glucose Screening Among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Women in Australia with Gestational Diabetes

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Abstract

Women with gestational diabetes have a high risk of type 2 diabetes postpartum, with Indigenous women particularly affected. This study reports postpartum diabetes screening rates among Indigenous and non-Indigenous women with gestational diabetes, in Far North Queensland, Australia. Retrospective study including 1,012 women with gestational diabetes giving birth at a regional hospital from 1/1/2004 to 31/12/2010. Data were linked between hospital records, midwives perinatal data, and laboratory results, then analysed using survival analysis and logistic regression. Indigenous women had significantly longer times to first oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [hazards ratio (HR) 0.62, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.79, p < 0.0001) and ‘any’ postpartum glucose test (HR 0.81, 95 % CI 0.67–0.98, p = 0.03], compared to non-Indigenous women. Postpartum screening rates among all women were low. However, early OGTT screening rates (<6 months) were significantly lower among Indigenous women (13.6 vs. 28.3 %, p < 0.0001), leading to a persistent gap in cumulative postpartum screening rates. By 3 years postpartum, cumulative rates of receiving an OGTT, were 24.6 % (95 % CI 19.9–30.2 %) and 34.1 % (95 % CI 30.6–38.0 %) among Indigenous and non-Indigenous women, respectively. Excluding OGTTs in previous periods, few women received OGTTs at 6–24 months (7.8 vs. 6.7 %) or 2–4 years (5.2 vs. 6.5 %), among Indigenous and non-Indigenous women, respectively. Low rates of postpartum diabetes screening demonstrate that essential ‘ongoing management’ and ‘equity’ criteria for population-based screening for gestational diabetes are not being met; particularly among Indigenous women, for whom recent guideline changes have specific implications. Strategies to improve postpartum screening after gestational diabetes are urgently needed.

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Abbreviations

CH:

Cairns Hospital

CHCCS:

Cairns Hospital Clinical Coding System

CI:

Confidence interval

FPG:

Fasting plasma glucose

HbA1C:

Glycosated haemoglobin

HR:

Hazards ratio

IADPSG:

International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group

ICD:

International Classification of Disease

MPDC:

Midwives perinatal data collection

MRR:

Medical record review

OGTT:

Oral glucose tolerance test

RPG:

Random plasma glucose

SD:

Standard deviation

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Cairns Diabetes Centre for providing financial assistance to enable reviews of some medical records for this project. This project would not be possible without the support of all other members of the Project Advisory Committee, including Professor Bronwyn Fredericks, and Dr. Jacqueline Mein. We thank Ms. Nancy Goncalves for assisting with data collection. We especially thank Ms. Philippa Loane from the Clinical Informatics and Data Management Unit, Monash University for assistance establishing a Microsoft Access database. Thankyou to Paul Ishiguchi for reviewing other diabetes screening guidelines. We appreciate and acknowledge the following organisations providing data for this project: the Cairns Base Hospital Casemix and Clinical Costing Unit, the Cairns Base Hospital Health Information Services, the Health Statistics Unit (Queensland Health), Queensland Health Primary Healthcare Information Service, Sullivan and Nicolaides Laboratories, and Queensland Medical Laboratories. Catherine Chamberlain is a PhD candidate, supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council PhD scholarship (607247).

Conflict of interest

No competing interests declared.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Health and Society Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, L3/89 Commercial Rd, Prahran, VIC, 3181, Australia

    Catherine Chamberlain & Brian Oldenburg

  2. Cairns Diabetes Centre, PO Box 902, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia

    Anna McLean & Ashim Sinha

  3. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne University, PO Box 5266, Burnley, VIC, 3121, Australia

    Jeremy Oats

  4. Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Rm 325, Edward Ford Building A27, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Sandra Eades

  5. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Commercial Rd, Prahran, VIC, 3181, Australia

    Rory Wolfe

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Correspondence to Catherine Chamberlain.

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Chamberlain, C., McLean, A., Oats, J. et al. Low Rates of Postpartum Glucose Screening Among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Women in Australia with Gestational Diabetes. Matern Child Health J 19, 651–663 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1555-3

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