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Apelin–13 protects against memory impairment and neuronal loss, Induced by Scopolamine in male rats

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Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Apelin–13 on scopolamine–induced memory impairment in rats. Forty male rats were divided into five groups of eight. The control group received no intervention; the scopolamine group underwent stereotaxic surgery and received 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal scopolamine. The treatment groups additionally received 1.25, 2.5 and 5 µg apelin–13 in right lateral ventricles for 7 days. All rats (except the control group) were tested for the passive avoidance reaction, 24 h after the last drug injection. For histological analysis, hippocampal sections were stained with cresyl violet; synaptogenesis biochemical markers were determined by immunoblotting. Apelin–13 alleviated scopolamine–induced passive avoidance memory impairment and neuronal loss in the rats’ hippocampus (P<0.001). The reduction observed in mean concentrations of hippocampal synaptic proteins (including neurexin1, neuroligin, and postsynaptic density protein 95) in scopolamine–treated animals was attenuated by apelin–13 treatment. The results demonstrated that apelin–13 can protect against passive avoidance memory deficiency, and neuronal loss, induced by scopolamine in male rats. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to confirm its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.

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Funding

This study was supported by the research council of Golestan University of Medical Sciences Neuroscience Research Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

    Sara Gazmeh, Maryam Azhir & Emsehgol Nikmahzar

  2. Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Km 4 Gorgan-Sari Road (Shastcola), Gorgan, Iran

    Leila Elyasi & Mehrdad Jahanshahi

  3. Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Behnamedin Jameie

Authors
  1. Sara Gazmeh
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  2. Maryam Azhir
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  3. Leila Elyasi
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  4. Mehrdad Jahanshahi
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  5. Emsehgol Nikmahzar
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  6. Seyed Behnamedin Jameie
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Contributions

Leila Elyasi, Mehrdad Jahanshahi, and Seyed Behnamedin Jameie participated in hypothesis formation, supervision of data analysis, and writing the manuscript, Sara Gazmeh and Maryam Azhir collected the study data and writing the manuscript, Emsehgol Nikmahzar collected and analyzed the data; all authors participated in critical revision of the manuscript and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Leila Elyasi.

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The protocol of this research is confirmed by the Ethics Committee of Golestan University of Medical Sciences Neuroscience Research Center. All ethical considerations for the use of animals in research, given by the National Committee for Research Ethics in Science and Technology, has been met throughout the study.

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Gazmeh, S., Azhir, M., Elyasi, L. et al. Apelin–13 protects against memory impairment and neuronal loss, Induced by Scopolamine in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 37, 701–709 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00882-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00882-6

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