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Demethyleneberberine, a potential therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative disorders: a proposed mechanistic insight

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Abstract

Introduction

Neurodegenerative disorders are a diverse variety of diseases that can be distinguished from developing degeneration of neurons in the CNS. Several alkaloids have shown mounting effects in neurodegenerative disorders, and berberine is one of them. Demethyleneberberine is a metabolite of berberine that has better blood-brain barrier crossing capacity. Demethyleneberberine possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and mitochondrial targeting properties. However, neither the pharmacological action nor the molecular mechanism of action of demethyleneberberine on neurodegenerative disorders has been explored yet.

Materials and methods

A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elseveier) databases was carried out with the help of keywords like “Demethyleneberberine; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress; Neuroprotective; Neurodegenerative disorders” till date.

Conclusion

This review focus on the neuroprotective potential of demethyleneberberine in neurodegenerative disorders by attenuating different pathways, i.e., NF-κB, MAPK, and AMPK signalling.

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Abbreviations

DMB:

Demethyleneberberine

BBR:

Berberine

NDDs:

Neurodegenerative disorders

CNS:

Central nervous system

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

Ca2+ :

Calcium

Htt:

Huntingtin

NAFLD:

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

ALD:

Alcohol liver disease

MDA:

Malonaldehyde

GSH:

Glutathione

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

TIMPS:

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases

TGF-1:

Transforming growth factor-1

CYP2E1:

Cytochrome P450 2E1

HIF-1α:

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

qPCR:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

IHC:

Immunohistochemical

TNF-α:

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha

CO:

Cyclooxygenase

IL:

Interleukin

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

NFT:

Neurofibrillary tangles

TAA:

Thioacetamide

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

MAO-B:

Monoamine oxidase-B

UTI:

Ulinastatin

CYP2E1:

Cytochrome P450 2E1

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

INF-γ:

Interferon-gamma

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India for providing the necessary facilities to carry out the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India

    Priyanka Saklani, Heena Khan, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Saurabh Gupta & Amarjot Kaur Grewal

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  1. Priyanka Saklani
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  2. Heena Khan
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  3. Thakur Gurjeet Singh
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  4. Saurabh Gupta
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  5. Amarjot Kaur Grewal
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Conceived and designed the experiments: HK, AKG, TGS. Analyzed the data: SG, AKG, TGS. Wrote the manuscript: PS, HK. Editing of the manuscript: TGS. Critically reviewed the article: TGS.

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Correspondence to Thakur Gurjeet Singh.

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Saklani, P., Khan, H., Singh, T.G. et al. Demethyleneberberine, a potential therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative disorders: a proposed mechanistic insight. Mol Biol Rep 49, 10101–10113 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07594-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07594-9

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