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Morphological and physiological plasticity of Catalpa bungei roots under partial root-zone drought as affected by nitrogen forms

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Abstract

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate root plasticity and drought responses of Catalpa bungei under partial root-zone drought as affected by nitrogen (N) forms. A two-factor experimental design was used in which two nitrogen forms (ammonium nitrogen (AN) and nitrate nitrogen (NN)) were combined with four water treatments (well-watered condition (WW), vertical partial root-zone drought (V-PRD), horizontal partial root-zone drought (H-PRD), full root-zone drought (FRD)). Root parameters were interactively affected by water conditions and N forms. Root development was sharply inhibited by FRD, and nitrate (NN) was more beneficial than ammonium (AN) for lateral root elongation under FRD. Root responded to PRDs with changing of their morphological plasticity, depending on the supplied N forms. Moreover, root system exhibited contrasting strategy for water foraging under V-PRD and H-PRD. Under V-PRD, root forage for water by hydrotropism, which was indicated by active root proliferation in moist soil zone. This strategy contributed to the efficient carbohydrate production and dominant xylem development under V-PRD. In contrast, root forage for water under H-PRD by significant root proliferation in the drought soil zone. The absence of horizontal hydrotropism under H-PRD condition and the presence of vertical hydrotropism under V-PRD was related to the gravitropism action. Physiological plasticity under PRDs might be preliminary disclosed by the specific activation of antioxidant defense in the drought root zone. Specifically, APX, CAT and SOD were induced in the drought root zone (top zone) of V-PRD, and APX was induced in the drought root zone (right zone) of H-PRD. Root physiological plasticity under PRDs was related to N forms and it displayed contrasting patterns in NN and AN treatment.

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Acknowledgements

This project was financially supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFD2200301), The Subject of Key R & D Plan of Shandong Province (2021LZGC023), the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi province (Grant No. 2020NY-005), and the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi province (Grant No. 2020NY- -120).

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  1. Tiantian Sun, Ruohan Ren, Mingming Xing, and Qiuxiao Duan authors are equal contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Silviculture On the Loess Plateau State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People’s Republic of China

    Tiantian Sun, Ruohan Ren, Mingming Xing, Qiuxiao Duan, Lang Zhao, Wenwen Yan, Yang Fang, Senyan Zhang, Hao Dong, Mengran Wang, Qimeng Heng, Wenyi Chen, Ting Xu, Lili Kou, Kunpeng Li & Yi Zhang

  2. College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People’s Republic of China

    Tiantian Sun & Wangxiang Zhang

  3. Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China

    Junhui Wang & Wenjun Ma

  4. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia

    Yinglong Chen

  5. Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, 250102, People’s Republic of China

    Yizeng Lu

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Contributions

TS, WM and YL cultivated plants. TS, RR, SZ, DH, MW, QH, WC, TX, LK and KL investigated and measured physiological parameters. TS, MX, WY and YF analyzed data. TS and QD prepared original draft. YC and JW reviewed and edited manuscript. YZ and JW supervised the experiment. YZ revised the manuscript. MX, LZ, WY and YF contributed to the revision of manuscript. WZ supervised the revision of the paper and revised the Discussion part.

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Correspondence to Junhui Wang, Wangxiang Zhang or Yi Zhang.

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Sun, T., Ren, R., Xing, M. et al. Morphological and physiological plasticity of Catalpa bungei roots under partial root-zone drought as affected by nitrogen forms. New Forests 55, 383–402 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-023-09983-9

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