Abstract
The finite-fault stochastic method was applied to simulate the Mw 6.9, 2008 Iwate-Miyagi earthquake at 44 selected KiK-net sites using EXSIM computer code. To investigate the effects of source characteristics on the simulated results, three models were considered: two models with prescribed slip distribution (Model 1 and Model 3) and a model with random slip distribution (Model 2). S-wave regional attenuation indicates an obvious difference between fore-arc and back-arc regions which are formed by volcanic front. Site amplification was determined by corrected surface to borehole spectral ratio and Quarter wavelength methods. The high-frequency decay parameter (kappa) was estimated to be 0.0473 s. The value of 16 MPa for stress drop was calculated by minimizing the absolute residual of 5% damped pseudo-spectral accelerations (PSA). Comparison of the observed and simulated PGAs and PSAs was performed to investigate the capability of our finite-fault models. The residual models represent that the simulated results by Model 2 are in good agreement with the observations in f < 3 Hz, while the other models can better simulate higher frequency motions. We also focused on the effects of slip patches sitting on the fault plane on near-field stations placed in the directions of slip propagation. For these stations, the simulated results by Model 1 and Model 3 were preferred over those of Model 2. Finite-fault models successfully interpreted the real forced motions to AKTH04 where the recorded peak values were abnormal for non-seismological reasons. Finally, the comparison of intensity measures with the GMPEs showed agreement.
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Acknowledgements
We thank two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments have improved our manuscript. We also thank Wataru Suzuki for providing slip data used in Model 1 and Hadi Ghofrani for his help with the correction of the surface to borehole spectral ratio. Original strong ground motion waveforms for K-NET and KiK-net stations were downloaded from Strong-motions Seismograph Networks (K-NET, KiK-net) (https://www.kyoshin.bosai.go.jp/kyoshin/quake/index_en.html). The site information including location and soil condition for each station was obtained from Strong-motion Seismograph Networks (K-NET, KiK-net) (https://www.kyoshin.bosai.go.jp/kyoshin/db/index_en.html?all). The slip distribution used in Model 3 is available on Earthquake Source Model Database website (http://equakerc.info/SRCMOD/searchmodels/viewmodel/s2008IWATEx01ASAN/). Figures 1, 3, and 10 were plotted by Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel et al. 1991). To prepare other figures, we used the graphics software package CoPlot (http://www.cohort.com/). All of the links are last accessed in 2022 January.
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All authors contributed to designing of the study. Data collecting, processing, and analysis were carried out by Jafar Karashi. The first draft of the manuscript was prepared by Jafar Karashi and Meghdad Samaei and reviewed by Masakatsu Miyajima.
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Karashi, J., Samaei, M. & Miyajima, M. Finite-fault stochastic simulation of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku, Japan, earthquake. Nat Hazards 114, 1985–2012 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05456-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05456-y