Abstract
This work aims to fabricate of manganese oxide (MnO2)/silicon carbide (SiC) nanostructures doped polystyrene (PS)–polycarbonate (PC) blend as promising nanomaterials to utilize in photo-degradation, photonics and optical fields with low cost, lightweight, small content of nanoparticles and excellent properties compared to other nanomaterials. The morphological, optical, electronic and photo-degradation properties of PS–PC/MnO2–SiC nanocomposites were investigated. The surface morphology of PS–PC/MnO2–SiC nanocomposites was analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) which showed good homogeneous of MnO2–SiC NPs inside the polymeric matrix. The optical characteristics of PS–PC/MnO2–SiC nanocomposites showed that the absorbance increased to 97.58% at wavelength (λ = 260 nm) when the concentration of MnO2/SiC NPs reached (5.2 wt%). The transmittance decreased to 10.57% at λ = 260 nm, and the energy band gaps decreased for both allowed and forbidden indirect transitions about 53.86% and 94.97%, respectively. The pure PS/PC blend and PS–PC/MnO2–SiC nanocomposites were used to analyze the photocatalytic degradation of MO dye. It was found that PS–PC/MnO2–SiC nanocomposites quickly changed the MO colour when exposed to UV-Irradiation with photo-degradation ratio about 54.05% within 90 min at 5.2 wt% MnO2/SiC NPs and this reaction's first-order rate constant was determined to be 0.0088 min−1. The results of the present work showed that PS–PC/MnO2–SiC nanocomposites have practical characteristics in terms of photo-degradation activity against harmful dyes and that these nanocomposites may be used for wastewater treatment and could help resolve environmental protection issues.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Yes, the data are available.
References
Abduljalil, H., Hashim, A., Jewad, A.: The effect of addition titanium dioxide on electrical properties of poly-methyl methacrylate. Eur. J. Sci. Res. 63(2), 231–235 (2011)
Abdullah, O.G., Aziz, S.B., Omer, K.M., Salih, Y.M.: Reducing the optical band gap of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based nanocomposite. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26(7), 5303–5309 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3067-3
Ahmed, H., Hashim, A.: Design and characteristics of novel PVA/PEG/Y2O3 structure for optoelectronics devices. J. Mol. Model 26, 210 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-020-04479-1
Algethami, F.K., Trabelsi, K., Hajjaji, A., Rabha, M.B., Khezami, L., Elamin, M.R., El Khakani, M.A.: Photocatalytic activity of silicon nanowires decorated with PbS nanoparticles deposited by pulsed laser deposition for efficient wastewater treatment. Materials 15(14), 4970 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144970
Ali, T., Ahmed, A., Alam, U., Uddin, I., Tripathi, P., Muneer, M.: Enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light. Mater. Chem. Phys. 212, 325–335 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.03.052
Aly, H.M., Moustafa, M.E., Nassar, M.Y., Abdelrahman, E.A.: Synthesis and characterization of novel Cu(II) complexes with 3-substituted-4-amino-5-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole Schiff bases: a new route to CuO nanoparticles. J. Mol. Struct. 1086, 223–231 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.01.017
Aslam, M., Kalyar, M.A., Raza, Z.A.: Graphene oxides nanosheets mediation of poly (vinyl alcohol) films in tuning their structural and opto-mechanical attributes. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 28(18), 13401–13413 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7177-y
Ayodhya, D., Veerabhadram, G.: Hydrothermally generated and highly efficient sunlight responsive SiO2 and TiO2 capped Ag2S nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 6(1), 311–324 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.11.071
Baig, M.M., Pervaiz, E., Afzal, M.J.: Catalytic activity and kinetic studies of Core@ Shell nanostructure NiFe2O4@ TiO2 for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye. J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 42(04), (2020). https://doi.org/10.52568/000669
Basahel, S.N., Ali, T.T., Mokhtar, M., Narasimharao, K.: Influence of crystal structure of nanosized ZrO2 on photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 10(1), 1–13 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-0780-z
Dawadi, S., Gupta, A., Khatri, M., Budhathoki, B., Lamichhane, G., Parajuli, N.: Manganese dioxide nanoparticles: synthesis, application and challenges. Bull. Mater. Sci. 43(1), 1–10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02247-8
Dhanasekar, M., Ratha, S., Rout, C.S., Bhat, S.V.: Efficient sono-photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using nickel molybdate nanosheets under diffused sunlight. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 5(3), 2997–3004 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.054
Eskizeybek, V., Sarı, F., Gülce, H., Gülce, A., Avcı, A.: Preparation of the new polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue and malachite green dyes under UV and natural sun lights irradiations. Appl. Catal. B 119, 197–206 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.02.034
Farhan, L.R., Ahmed, H., Majeed, A.H., Saba, R.S., Hind, A.: Preparation of PS-PMMA copolymer and study the effect of sodium fluoride on its optical properties. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 8(5), 137–139 (2013)
Farhan, L.R., Shahid, M.T., Aseel, H., Ahmed, H.: Novel of thermal energy storage and release: water/(SnO2–TaC) and water/(SnO2–SiC) nanofluids for environmental applications. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 454, 012113 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/454/1/012113
Ferreira, T.L.B., Garcia, L.M.P., Gurgel, G.H.M., Nascimento, R.M.D., Godinho, M.J., Rodrigues, M.H.D.M., Motta, F.V.D.: Effects of MnO2/In2O3 thin films on photocatalytic degradation 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol and methylene blue in water. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29(14), 12278–12287 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9341-4
Falah, A.J., Farhan, L., Ahmed, H., Majeed, A., Angham, G.H.: Characterization of palm fronds-polystyrene composites. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 8(5), 140–142 (2013)
Gad, S.A., Shaban, H., Mansour, B.A., Mahmoud, G.M.: Determination and analysis of linear and nonlinear optical properties and electrical conductivity of amorphous PbxGe42−xSe48Te10 thin films. Appl. Phys. A 126(5), 1–8 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-3449-0
Hadi, A., Rashid, F.L., Hussein, H.Q., Hashim, A.: Novel of water with (CeO2–WC) and (SiC–WC) nanoparticles systems for energy storage and release applications. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 518(3), 5, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/518/3/032059
Hashim, A., Abduljalil, H., Ahmed, H.: Analysis of optical, electronic and spectroscopic properties of (biopolymer-SiC) nanocomposites for electronics applications. Egypt. J. Chem. 62(9), 1659–1672 (2019). https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2019.7154.1590
Hashim, A.: Synthesis of SiO2/CoFe2O4 nanoparticles doped CMC: exploring the morphology and optical characteristics for photodegradation of organic dyes. J. Inorgan. Organometall. Polym. Mater. 31(6), 2483–2491 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01846-6
Hashim, A., Hadi, A.: Synthesis and characterization of (MgO–Y2O3–CuO) nanocomposites for novel humidity sensor application. Sensor Lett. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2017.3900
Hashim, A., Abduljalil, H.M., Ahmed, H.: Fabrication and characterization of (PVA-TiO2)1–x/SiCx nanocomposites for biomedical applications. Egypt. J. Chem. (2020). https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2019.10712.1695
Hassanien, A.S., El Radaf, I.M.: Optical characterizations of quaternary Cu2MnSnS4 thin films: novel synthesis process of film samples by spray pyrolysis technique. Phys. B Condens. Matter 585, 412110 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2020.412110
Hussen, S.A.: Structural and optical characterization of pure and SnZrO3 doped PS based polymer nanocomposite. Mater. Res. Expr. 7(10), 105302 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/abbb53
Hussien, H.A.J., Kadhim, R.G., Hashim, A.: Augmented structural and optical characteristics of SnO2/MnO2-doped PEO/PVP blend for photodegradation against organic pollutants. Polymer Bull. 79(7), 5219–5234 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03778-8
Kadhim, K.J., Agool, I.R., Hashim, A.: Effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on dielectric properties of (PVA–PEG–PVP) blend for medical application. J. Adv. Phys. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1166/jap.2017.1313
Lakhdar, M.H., Ouni, B., Amlouk, M.: Thickness effect on the structural and optical constants of stibnite thin films prepared by sulfidation annealing of antimony films. Optik 125(10), 2295–2301 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.10.114
Landge, V.K., Sonawane, S.H., Sivakumar, M., Sonawane, S.S., Babu, G.U.B., Boczkaj, G.: S-scheme heterojunction Bi2O3–ZnO/Bentonite clay composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess. 45, 101194 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101194
Mahfoudh, N., Karoui, K., Rhaiem, A.B.: Optical studies and dielectric response of [DMA]2MCl4 (M¼ Zn and Co) and [DMA]2ZnBr 4. RSC Adv. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03652a
Meenakshi, G., Sivasamy, A., Ga, S.J., Kavithaa, S.: Preparation, characterization and enhanced photocatalytic activities of zinc oxide nano rods/silicon carbide composite under UV and visible light irradiations. J. Mol. Catal. a. Chem. 411, 167–178 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2015.10.020
Melgoza, D., Hernández-Ramírez, A., Peralta-Hernández, J.M.: Comparative efficiencies of the decolourisation of methylene blue using Fenton’s and photo-Fenton’s reactions. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 8(5), 596–599 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1039/b817287k
Meteab, M.H., Hashim, A., Rabee, B.H.: Controlling the structural and dielectric characteristics of PS–PC/Co2O3–SiC hybrid nanocomposites for nanoelectronics applications. SILICON (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02020-y
Nassar, M.Y., Aly, H.M., Abdelrahman, E.A., Moustafa, M.E.: Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of some novel Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes: a new route for Co3O4 and NiO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. J. Mol. Struct. 1143, 462–471 (2017a). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.118
Nassar, M.Y., Aly, H.M., Moustafa, M.E., Abdelrahman, E.A.: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of new 3-substitued-4-amino-5-hydrazino-1, 2, 4-triazole schiff bases and their Cu(II) complexes: a new approach to CuO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. 27(5), 1220–1233 (2017b). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-017-0569-x
Nofal, M.M., Aziz, S.B., Hadi, J.M., Karim, W.O., Dannoun, E., Hussein, A.M., Hussen, S.A.: Polymer composites with 0.98 transparencies and small optical energy band gap using a promising green methodology: structural and optical properties. Polymers 13(10), 1648 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13101648
Obaid, W.O., Hashim, A.: Synthesis and augmented optical properties of PC/SiC/TaC hybrid nanostructures for potential and photonics fields. SILICON (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-01854-w
Singh, N., Prakash, J., Gupta, R.K.: Design and engineering of high-performance photocatalytic systems based on metal oxide–graphene–noble metal nanocomposites. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. 2(4), 422–439 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7ME00038C
Soliman, T.S., Vshivkov, S.A.: Effect of Fe nanoparticles on the structure and optical properties of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 519, 119452 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.05.028
Suhail, H.S., Rabee, B.H.: New nanocomposites (PMMA-SPO-SiC) fabrication and of their structural and electrical properties for pressure sensors. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2213, p. 020136. AIP Publishing LLC (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000093
Wang, Y., Pei, Y., Xiong, W., Liu, T., Li, J., Liu, S., Li, B.: New photocatalyst based on graphene oxide/chitin for degradation of dyes under sunlight. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 81, 477–482 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.037
Wibowo, A., Marsudi, M.A., Pramono, E., Belva, J., Parmita, A.W., Patah, A., Ramelan, A.: Recent improvement strategies on metal-organic frameworks as adsorbent, catalyst, and membrane for wastewater treatment. Molecules 26(17), 5261 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175261
Zha, R., Nadimicherla, R., Guo, X.: Ultraviolet photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by nanostructured TiO2/ZnO heterojunctions. J. Mater. Chem. A 3(12), 6565–6574 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA00764J
Zhu, Y., Xu, S., Yi, D.: Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using polythiophene/titanium dioxide composites. React. Funct. Polym. 70(5), 282–287 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.01.007
Zia, J., Aazam, E.S., Riaz, U.: Highly efficient visible light driven photocatalytic activity of MnO2 and Polythiophene/MnO2 nanohybrids against mixed organic pollutants. J. Mol. Struct. 1207, 127790 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127790
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgment to University of Babylon.
Funding
No funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
MHM, AH and BHR wrote the main manuscript text, prepared figures and reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
The Research is not involving the studies on human or their data.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Meteab, M.H., Hashim, A. & Rabee, B.H. Synthesis and tailoring the morphological, optical, electronic and photodegradation characteristics of PS–PC/MnO2–SiC quaternary nanostructures. Opt Quant Electron 55, 187 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04447-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04447-4