Abstract
Aims
Slow decomposition and isolation from groundwater mean that ombrotrophic peatlands store a large amount of soil carbon (C) but have low availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). To better understand the role these limiting nutrients play in determining the C balance of peatland ecosystems, we compile comprehensive N and P budgets for a forested bog in northern Minnesota, USA.
Methods
N and P within plants, soils, and water are quantified based on field measurements. The resulting empirical dataset are then compared to modern-day, site-level simulations from the peatland land surface version of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (ELM-SPRUCE).
Results
Our results reveal N is accumulating in the ecosystem at 0.2 ± 0.1 g N m−2 year−1 but annual P inputs to this ecosystem are balanced by losses. Biomass stoichiometry indicates that plant functional types differ in N versus P limitation, with trees exhibiting a stronger N limitation than ericaceous shrubs or Sphagnum moss. High biomass and productivity of Sphagnum results in the moss layer storing and cycling a large proportion of plant N and P. Comparing our empirically-derived nutrient budgets to ELM-SPRUCE shows the model captures N cycling within dominant plant functional types well.
Conclusions
The nutrient budgets and stoichiometry presented serve as a baseline for quantifying the nutrient cycling response of peatland ecosystems to both observed and simulated climate change. Our analysis improves our understanding of N and P dynamics within nutrient-limited peatlands and represents a crucial step toward improving C-cycle projections into the twenty-first century.
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Data availability
Data associated with this manuscript are publicly available and full citations for data products are listed under “References to data products and documentation” Throughout the text, citations for data products will be annotated with “data citation” to differentiate them from literature citations. Table 1 also includes DOIs and hyperlinks to specific data products included in this analysis.
References to data products and documentation
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Robert Nettles, Kyle Pearson, Ryan Heiderman, Leslie A. Hook, Holly Vander Stel, Anna Jensen, Eric Ward, Keith Oleheiser, Anne Gapinski, Mitchell Olds, Madeline Wiley, Leigh Kastenson, Reid Peterson, Ben Munson, Anna Hall, Dustin Woodruff and Stan D. Wullschleger for helping with field data collection and lab work. The authors from ORNL are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-1008 00OR22725. The USDA Forest Service funded contributions of SDS and RKK in support of the SPRUCE Experiment. This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB 1754756) to JEK. Nathan Armistead (ORNL) helped conceptualize and construct Figure 1. This manuscript was significantly improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers and Tim Moore (McGill University).
This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).
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VGS collated and analyzed data, wrote the manuscript and incorporated feedback from SB, NAG, KH, CMI, TMJ, RK, JK, AM, RJN, JRP, DR, CWS, SS, XS, AW, JW, DW, XY, and PRH. JG, DR,XS, and XY contributed novel methods and/or model simulations. SB, JG, NAG, TMJ, JK, AM, and SS analyzed data. All authors performed research, conceived of this study, and/or provided substantive feedback on the manuscript and analysis.
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Salmon, V.G., Brice, D.J., Bridgham, S. et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in an ombrotrophic peatland: a benchmark for assessing change. Plant Soil 466, 649–674 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05065-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05065-x