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Factors associated with oral health-related quality of life during pregnancy: a prospective observational study

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the evolution of perceived quality of life in relation to oral health during pregnancy and to determine the risk factors involved in this process.

Methods

A follow-up study was carried out with pregnant Spanish women. Two oral examinations and an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment, using the OHIP-14 questionnaire, were performed in the first and third trimester of pregnancy. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, O’Sullivan Test measures, oral hygiene habits, history of caries, and periodontal status of participants were collected through structured medical-dental questionnaires.

Results

A complete dataset comprising 246 pregnant women was available for analysis. Overall scores for negative impacts on the OHIP questionnaire were significantly higher during late pregnancy (74%). This indicated a deterioration in oral health-related quality of life amongst participants. Items describing “painful aching”, “self-consciousness”, “unsatisfactory diet”, and “interrupted meals” showed the greatest increase between the first and third trimester of gestation. Multivariate analysis showed that pre-gestational/gestational diabetes mellitus and poor oral hygiene habits during the first trimester of gestation were directly associated with worse oral health-related quality of life during the third trimester of gestation (hyperglycemia: OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.019–8.050: p = 0.043 / oral hygiene: OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.970–1.836; p = 0.076).

Conclusions

In the present research, hyperglycemia during pregnancy and poor oral hygiene habits during the first trimester of gestation led to a higher risk of poor oral quality of life during late pregnancy.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the participants for their collaboration in the present study as this made the research possible. We also thank the gynecologists and midwives of the “Virgen de las Nieves” hospital complex in Granada for their support in this project. This paper forms part of the doctoral thesis of X.A.L.R. which is being conducted as part of the Clinical Medicine and Public Health Doctoral Program at the University of Granada, Spain.

Funding

The study was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Project FIS-ISCIII, P117/02305), and co-founded by FEDER, “investing in your future”.

Author information

Author notes

  1. J. A. Gil-Montoya and X. Leon-Rios have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dentistry, University of Granada, c/Paseo de Cartuja S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain

    J. A. Gil-Montoya, X. Leon-Rios & T. Rivero

  2. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    M. Expósito-Ruiz & I. Perez-Castillo

  3. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    M. J. Aguilar-Cordero

  4. Institute of Biomedical Research of Granada, Granada, Spain

    J. A. Gil-Montoya

  5. School of Odontology, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru

    X. Leon-Rios

  6. Andalusian Plan for Research Development and Innovation, CTS 367, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    I. Perez-Castillo & M. J. Aguilar-Cordero

Authors
  1. J. A. Gil-Montoya
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  2. X. Leon-Rios
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  4. M. Expósito-Ruiz
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  6. M. J. Aguilar-Cordero
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Contributions

Conceptualization, JAGM; formal analysis, JAGM, XALR, MER; investigation, JAGM, XALR, TRB, ÍMPC, MJAC; writing—original draft preparation, JAGM; writing—review and editing, XALR; project administration, MJAC. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. A. Gil-Montoya.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Granada, Number 72-2015, and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, updated in Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2003.

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Gil-Montoya, J.A., Leon-Rios, X., Rivero, T. et al. Factors associated with oral health-related quality of life during pregnancy: a prospective observational study. Qual Life Res 30, 3475–3484 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02869-3

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