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Isolating the influence of ontogeny helps predict island-wide variability in fish otolith chemistry

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Abstract

For marine fishes of commercial interest, defining how individuals vary in certain attributes, through ontogeny, and across space and time, can help expose the structure of harvested populations and guide their management. The chemical markers locked within otoliths are, in principle, ideal for such applications, providing life-long, bio-environmental records for individuals and populations. However, substantial uncertainty still surrounds how intrinsic (i.e., within-individual) and extrinsic (i.e., environmental) processes shape chemical incorporation into otoliths, constraining our ability to predict marker variability when sampling is patchy. To tackle these issues, we measured otolith elemental (Li, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Sr, Ba) and stable isotopic (δ13C, δ18O) concentrations from juvenile Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) captured in Icelandic nursery sites, and built models to isolate ontogenetic (i.e., age-, growth-related) from environmental influences on otolith chemistry. Otolith Li:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca and Sr:Ca declined with age within sites. Age slopes differed among sites for Li:Ca and Mg:Ca, and Sr:Ca was lower in larger fish within an age-class. Individual-level variation (i.e., within site, within age-class) was high for all markers, our models highlighting the importance of temperature and salinity (or proxies these represent) in explaining population-level δ13C and δ18O trends. Age- and year-specific predictions for each marker, at each site, generally accorded well with empirical observations, providing inference on island-wide heterogeneity in otolith chemistry across the juveniles’ full distributional range. Such ‘isoscapes’, generated from mechanistically-focused models as presented here, might benefit investigations of population structure for other exploited species, particularly where sampling limitations hamper fishery-management efforts.

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Notes

  1. Spatial predictions were made for age 1 and age 2 herring for all element:Ca, and for age 2 only for δ13C and δ18O.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Icelandic Association of Herring Fisheries under ‘Rannsóknarsjóðs síldarútvegsins 2013’, and by the Norden Top-Level Research Initiative subprogram ‘Effect Studies and Adaptation to Climate Change’, through the Nordic Centre for Research on Marine Ecosystems and Resources Under Climate Change (NorMER). We thank P. Reynisson, I. Jónsdóttir, G. Óskarsson, M. Danielsen, G. Jóhannsson and the crew aboard w/w Dröfn RE-35 for assistance with sample collection, and A. Greig for technical support during the LA-ICP-MS analyses. Thanks also to D. Eme and J. Morrongiello for lively discussions on the modelling approach, and to J. Morrongiello, D. Crook, G. Huse, G. Óskarsson, I. Jónsdóttir, Þ. Sigurðsson and A. Leitão for reviewing early drafts and providing insightful suggestions that greatly improved the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Jed I. Macdonald, Zsófia Cságoly & Guðrún Marteinsdóttir

  2. Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Pacific Community (SPC), BP D5 98848, Nouméa, New Caledonia

    Jed I. Macdonald

  3. School of Geography, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia

    Russell N. Drysdale & Roman Witt

Authors
  1. Jed I. Macdonald
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  2. Russell N. Drysdale
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  3. Roman Witt
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  4. Zsófia Cságoly
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  5. Guðrún Marteinsdóttir
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Correspondence to Jed I. Macdonald.

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Macdonald, J.I., Drysdale, R.N., Witt, R. et al. Isolating the influence of ontogeny helps predict island-wide variability in fish otolith chemistry. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 30, 173–202 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-019-09591-x

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