Abstract
Indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) is required for plant propagation and a prerequisite for applications that may provide new germplasms. Genetic, epigenetic and physiological features of the explant donor are barriers for ISE establishment, hindering its wide use. Despite the identification and/or expression analysis of genes during ISE, no approach to establish the karyotype aspects has been performed so far. So, this study aims to establish the ISE and compare the in vitro responses between diploid (Coffea canephora and Coffea eugenioides), allotriploid (“Híbrido de Timor”—HT) and true allotetraploid (Coffea arabica) Coffea in a taxonomic and evolutive scenario. Under the same in vitro conditions, the four Coffea differed from each other during ISE. Leaf explants of the true allopolyploids yielded the highest mean number of friable calli (FC) in relative short time and visually exhibiting more pronounced length. FC of the allotetraploid C. arabica presented the highest mean number of mature cotyledonary somatic embryos (MCSE), which were also recovered faster in this species. However, MCSE mean number in HT was the same or lower than diploid Coffea. Besides, intraspecific variation related to the ISE responses was observed in each Coffea, mainly the mean number of FC obtained from ex vitro and in vitro C. arabica and C. eugenioides explants. So, epigenetic and physiologic features may also have influenced the ISE responses. The findings provide the basis for performing other approaches considering the ploidy level, epigenetic and physiological backgrounds. Besides, the data also contributed for understanding about the consequences of polyploidy.
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Abbreviations
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BAP:
-
6-Benzylaminopurine
- FC:
-
Friable calli
- GA3 :
-
Gibberellic acid
- HT:
-
“Híbrido de Timor”
- ISE:
-
Indirect somatic embryogenesis
- MCSE:
-
Mature cotyledonary somatic embryo
- SC:
-
Secondary constriction
- SE:
-
Somatic embryos
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brasília—DF, Brazil, Grant: 443801/2014-2), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Espírito Santo (FAPES, Vitória—ES, Brazil, Grant: 65942604/2014 and 82/2017), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brasília—DF, Brazil) for financial support. We also thank Dr. Eveline Teixeira Caixeta (Embrapa Café, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, BIOAGRO, Laboratório BioCafé, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil) for providing leaves in 2015 of the C. eugenioides and C. arabica ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ plants.
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The authors NAS, PMA, LMC and WRC conceived, designed and conducted the tissue culture experiments. MCS, SCDO and WRC carried out the cytogenetic analyses. WRC and CRC contributed with flow cytometry analysis. The authors NAS and AF performed the statistical analysis.
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Communicated by Jochen Kumlehn.
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Sanglard, N.A., Amaral-Silva, P.M., Sattler, M.C. et al. Indirect somatic embryogenesis in Coffea with different ploidy levels: a revisiting and updating study. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 136, 255–267 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-1511-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-1511-9