Abstract
The development of adventitious roots (AR) is a complex process that is affected by a multitude of factors. Monocots like rice possess a fibrous root system predominantly comprising crown roots (CRs). AR is the major rice root system and plays a vital role in its growth and development. AR system has been an attractive target for breeders to improve the plant’s ability to efficiently absorb nutrients and to confer higher utilization of soil water. It is important to understand the genetic basis of AR formation, the factors that play significant roles during AR formation, and the mechanism of determining the formation of the root architecture. Major advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the control and development of AR. In recent years, numerous genes and transcription factors, such as adventitious-rootless 1 (ARL1)/CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1), CRL5, and WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) that govern the various stages of root development, including the initiation, emergence, and control of CR and lateral roots have been identified. Further, the regulatory role of various transcriptional factors and miRNAs involved in the AR formation of rice has been deciphered. Gravity modulates the angle of AR growth moderately and light is considered an important factor during AR formation in rice. In this mini-review, we will summarize the existing knowledge and advances made in AR formation and development in rice including molecular aspects of AR, and the regulatory role of environmental factors, such as light, dark, and gravity in AR formation.
Key message
Highlighting the existing knowledge and recent advances in molecular mechanisms and environmental conditions that play major roles in AR formation and development in rice.
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Acknowledgements
Author Sathish S acknowledges Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi (No.3/1/2/102/2018-Nut.) for fellowship support. Hari Priya Sivakumar thanks the Department of Science and Technology, Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (DST-INSPIRE) for fellowship support (IF180901). We acknowledge the University Grants Commission—Special Assistance Programme (UGC-SAP-II: F-3-20/2013) and Department of Science and Technology—Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (DST-FIST: SR/FST/LSI-618/2014).
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SS, HPS, and RV: prepared the manuscript. MK: contributed substantially to the manuscript and critically evaluated the manuscript. SR: conceived the idea and critically evaluated the manuscript.
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Communicated by Sergio J. Ochatt
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Sundararajan, S., Sivakumar, H.P., Rajendran, V. et al. Adventitious roots in rice, the model cereal: genetic factors and the influence of environmental cues—a mini review. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 154, 1–12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02509-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02509-3