Abstract
Unimodal porous system (denoted as SnTf-MCM-41) and bimodal porosity (denoted as SnTf-UVM-7) were prepared in a two-step synthesis. The triflic acid was incorporated into previously synthesized Sn-containing porous silicas. Chemical analysis was carried out by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), textural properties were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and from nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (77 K), while structural characterization by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) measurements. The structural characterization provided evidences on the direct interaction of triflate with incorporated tin species. The acidity of these catalysts was determined from the ammonia chemisorption measurements. The catalysts have been tested for transesterification of sunflower oil under both microwave and ultrasound activation. These experiments showed a direct reaction between the acidity of the catalysts and catalytic performances. No leaching of the triflate species or catalyst deactivation have been detected over several runs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Demirbas A (2007) Energy Policy 35:4661
Meher LC, Vidya SD, Naik SN (2006) Renew Sustain Energy Rev 10:248
Al-Widyan MI, Al-Shyoukh AO (2002) Bioresour Technol 85:253
Garcia CM, Teixeira S, Marciniuk LL, Schuchardt U (2008) Bioresour Technol 99:6608
Furuta S, Matsuhashi H, Arata K (2004) Catal Commun 5:721
Vicente G, Martınez M, Aracil J (2004) Bioresour Technol 92:297
Singh AP, He BB, Thompson JC, Van Gerpen JH (2006) Appl Eng Agric 22:597
Cavani F, Trifiro F, Vaccari A (1991) Catal Today 11:173
MacLeod CS, Harvey AP, Lee AF, Wilson K (2008) Chem Eng J 135:63
Royon D, Daz M, Ellenrieder G, Locatelli S (2007) Bioresour Technol 98:648
Li L, Du W, Liu D, Li W, Li Z (2006) J Mol Catal B 43:58
Fukuda H, Kondo A, Noda H (2001) J Biosci Bioeng 92:405
Morin P, Hamad B, Sapaly G, Carneiro Rocha MG, Pries de Oliveira PG, Gonzalez WA, Sales EA, Essayem N (2007) Appl Catal A 330:69
Goff MJ, Bauer NS, Lopes S, Sutterlin WR, Suppes GJ (2004) J Am Oil Chem Soc 81:415
Alcantara R, Amores J, Canoira L, Fidalgo E, France MJ, Navarro A (2000) Biomass Bioenerg 18:515
Sivasamy A, Cheah KY, Fornasiero P, Kemausuor F, Zinoviev S, Miertus S (2009) ChemSusChem 2:278
Shumaker L, Crofcheck C, Tackett SA, Jimenez ES, Crocker M (2007) Catal Lett 115:56
Liu X, He H, Wang Y, Zhu S (2007) Catal Commun 8:1107
Gryglewicz S (1999) Bioresour Technol 70:249
Benjapornkulaphong S, Ngamcharussrivichai C, Bunyakiat K (2009) Chem Eng J 145:468
Shu Q, Yang B, Yuan H, Qing S, Zhu G (2007) Catal Commun 8:2159
Narasimharao K, Brown DR, Lee AF, Newman AD, Siril PF, Tavener SJ, Wilson K (2007) J Catal 248:226
Giri BY, Rao KN, Devi BLAP, Lingaiah N, Suryanarayana I, Prasad RBN, Prasad PSS (2005) Catal Commun 6:788
Suwannakarn K, Lotero E, Goodwin J, Lu C (2008) J Catal 255:279
Coman SM, Pop G, Stere C, Parvulescu VI, El Haskouri J, Beltran D, Amoros P (2007) J Catal 251:388
Parvulescu VI, Coman SM, Candu N, El Haskouri J, Beltran D, Amoros P (2009) J Mater Sci 44:6693
Cabrera S, El Haskouri J, Guillem C, Latorre J, Beltran A, Beltran D, Marcos MD, Amoros P (2000) Solid State Sci 2:405
El Haskouri J, Ortiz de Zarate D, Guillem C, Latorre J, Caldes M, Beltran A, Beltran D, Descalzo AB, Rodriguez G, Martinez-Mañez R, Marcos MD, Amoros P (2002) Chem Commun 330
Huerta L, Guillem C, Latorre J, Beltran A, Martinez-Mañez R, Marcos MD, Beltran D, Amoros P (2006) Solid State Sci 8:940
El Haskouri J, Morales JM, Ortiz de Zárate D, Fernández L, Latorre J, Guillem C, Beltrán A, Beltrn D, Amorós P (2008) Inorg Chem 47:8267
Grandjean D, Benfield RE, Nayral C, Maisonnat A, Chaudret B (2004) J Phys Chem B 108:8876
Suzer S, Voscoboinikov T, Hallam KR, Allen GC (1996) Fres J Anal Chem 355:654
Parvulescu VI, Grange P, Delmon B (2001) Appl Catal Environ B 33:223
Lynn LC, Opila RL (1990) Surf Interface Anal 15:167
Parry-Jones AC, Weightman P, Andrews PT (1979) J Phys C 12:1587
Verziu M, Cojocaru B, Hu J, Richards R, Ciuculescu C, Filip P, Parvulescu VI (2008) Green Chem 10:373
Verziu M, Florea M, Simon S, Simon V, Filip P, Parvulescu VI, Hardacre C (2009) J Catal 263:56
Acknowledgements
XAFS experiments were performed in the framework of the Hasylab long term project II-2007-0135EC. We gratefully acknowledge technical support from the beamline scientist Dr. Edmund Welter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Verziu, M., El Haskouri, J., Beltran, D. et al. Mesoporous Tin-Triflate Based Catalysts for Transesterification of Sunflower Oil. Top Catal 53, 763–772 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-010-9468-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-010-9468-x