Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Ordered Oxide Surfaces on Metals: Chromium Oxide

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Topics in Catalysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We present X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) investigations of ordered chromium oxide ultrathin films prepared on a Pd(111) single-crystal surface. The films where grown by thermal evaporation of Cr under an oxygen atmosphere and sample temperature of 600 K. The ordered films produced are strongly dependent on the film thickness and annealing treatment. Films with thickness below 5 Å, produced at low coverages, display a p(2 × 2) structure relative to Pd(111). Thicker films (thickness > 10 Å) always have a \( \left( {\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 3 } \right)R30^{ \circ } \) structure. The photoemission measurements were done using conventional X-ray sources as well as synchrotron radiation taken at the Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron. The XPD data were interpreted through the use of a multiple scattering calculation approach combined with a genetic algorithm for surface structure optimization. Combining the information from XPS, low energy electron diffraction and XPD measurements we have determined the surface structure of the\( \left( {\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 3 } \right)R30^{ \circ } \) phase. Elsewhere, we report on the structure of the p(2 × 2) phase.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. McGuire TR, Scott EJ, Grannis FH (1956) Phys Rev 102:1000

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Schwarz K (1986) J Phys F Met Phys 16:L211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hogan JP (1983) Appl Ind Catal 1:149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hogan JP, Banks RL (1953) Belg. Patent 530617

  5. Hogan JP, Banks RL (1958) U.S. Patent 2,825,721

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hogan JP (1970) J Polym Sci 8:2637

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hogan JP, Norwood DD, Ayres CA (1981) J Appl Polym Sci 36:49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. McDaniel MP (1985) Adv Catal 33:47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Poole CP, MacIver DS (1967) Adv Catal 17:223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Frey FE, Huppke WF (1933) Ind Eng Chem 25:54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Frey FE, Huppke WF (1937) U.S. Patent 2,098,959

    Google Scholar 

  12. McDaniel MP (1988) Ind Eng Chem Res 27:1559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Silly F, Castell MR (2005) Phys Rev Lett 94:046103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bender M, Ehrlich D, Yakovkin IN, Rohr F, Bäumer M, Kuhlenbeck H, Freund H-J, Staemmler V (1995) J Phys Condens Matter 7:5289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rohr F, Bäumer M, Freund H-J, Mejias JA, Staemmler V, Müller S, Hammer L, Heinz K (1997) Surf Sci 372:L291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rohr F, Bäumer M, Freund H-J, Mejias JA, Staemmler V, Müller S, Hammer L, Heinz K (1997) Surf Sci 389:391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Xu C, Dillmann B, Kuhlenbeck H, Freund HJ (1991) Phys Rev Lett 67:3551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Xu C, Hassel M, Kuhlenbeck H, Freund HJ (1991) Surf Sci 258:25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kuhlenbeck H, Xu C, Dillmann B, Hassel M, Adam B, Ehrlich D, Wohlrab S, Freund HJ, Ditzinger UA, Neddermeyer H, Neuber M, Neumann M (1992) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 96:15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ventrice CA, Ehrlich D, Garfunkel EL, Dillmann B, Heskett D, Freund H-J (1992) Phys Rev B 46:12892

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Freund H-J, Kuhlenbeck H, Staemmler V (1996) Rep Prog Phys 59:283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ekelund S, Leygraf C (1973) Surf Sci 40:179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Michel P, Jardin CH (1973) Surf Sci 36:478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gewinner G, Peruchetti JC, Jaegle A, Kalt A (1978) Surf Sci 78:439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Stierle A, Bödeker P, Zabel H (1995) Surf Sci 327:9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Maurice V, Cadot S, Marcus P (2000) Surf Sci 458:195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bender M, Yakovin IN, Freund H-J (1996) Surf Sci 365:394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Lübbe M, Moritz W (2009) J Phys Condens Matter 21:134010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Gloege T, Meyerheim HL, Moritz W, Wolf D (1999) Surf Sci 441:L917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang L, Kuhn M, Diebold U (1997) Surf Sci 375:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Priyantha WAA, Waddill GD (2005) Surf Sci 578:149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Huggins CP, Nix RM (2005) Surf Sci 594:163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Maetaki A, Yamamoto M, Matsumoto H, Kishi K (2000) Surf Sci 445:80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Maetaki A, Kishi K (1998) Surf Sci 441:35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sainio J, Aronniemi M, Pakarinen O, Kauraala K, Airaksinen S, Krause O, Lahtinen J (2005) Appl Surf Sci 252:1076

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Guo D, Guo Q, Altman MS, Wang EG (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:20968

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chambers SA (2000) Surf Sci Rep 39:105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Franchy R (2000) Surf Sci Rep 38:195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Somorjai GA (1994) Intoduction to surface chemistry and catalysis. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  40. Leisenberger FP, Surnev S, Koller G, Ramsey MG, Netzer FP (2000) Surf Sci 444:211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Schoiswohl J, Surnev S, Netzer FP (2005) Top Catal 36:91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Schoiswohl J, Sock M, Chen Q, Thornton G, Kresse G, Ramsey MG, Surnev S, Netzer FP (2007) Top Catal 46:137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Levin ME, Salmeron M, Bell AT, Somorjai GA (1987) J Catal 106:401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Williams KJ, Boffa AB, Lahtinen J, Salmeron M, Bell AT, Somorjai GA (1990) Catal Lett 5:385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Boffa AB, Lin C, Bell AT, Somorjai GA (1994) Catal Lett 27:243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Surnev S, Kresse G, Ramsey MG, Netzer FP (2001) Phys Rev Lett 87:086102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Padmasri AH, Venugopal A, Siva Kumar V, Shashikala V, Nagaraja BM, Seetharamulu P, Sreedhar B, David Raju B, Kanta Rao P, Rama Rao KS (2004) J Mol Catal. A 223:329

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Adamiec J (1986) React Kinet Catal Lett 30:143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Chen Y, Van Hove MA MSCD-Multiple Scattering Calculation Diffraction Package. http://www.ap.cityu.edu.hk/personal-website/Van-Hove_files/mscd/mscdpack.html

  50. Viana ML, Diez Muino R, Soares EA, Van Hove MA, de Carvalho VE (2007) J Phys Condens Matter 19:446002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Labus S, Malecki A, Gajerski R (2003) J Therm Anal Calorim 74:13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Rehbein C, Harrison NM, Wander A (1996) Phys Rev B54:14066

    Google Scholar 

  53. Rohrbach A, Hafner J, Kresse G (2004) Phys Rev B 70:125426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Wang XG, Smith JR (2003) Phys Rev B68:201402

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES and LNLS of Brasil for support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abner de Siervo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pancotti, A., de Siervo, A., Carazzolle, M.F. et al. Ordered Oxide Surfaces on Metals: Chromium Oxide. Top Catal 54, 90–96 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-011-9628-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-011-9628-7

Keywords

Navigation