Abstract
This work addresses the synthesis of graphene oxide, its structural characterization, and its application in the removal of cationic surfactants from water. The synthesized graphene oxide was characterized by Raman, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, and zeta potential. After the nanomaterial structural elucidation, optimization tests, studies of kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics of adsorption were performed to study adsorbent/adsorbate interactions in the adsorption process of cationic surfactants on graphene oxide. Under optimized conditions, graphene oxide showed the highest removal potential for the pyridinium-containing surfactant (2083 mg/g), followed by the benzyl-containing surfactant (431 mg/g) and the tetrakyl surfactant (329 mg/g), suggesting that electrostatic, hydrophobic, and cation-π interactions are common in the process, but pyridinium-π and π-π interactions are stronger. In addition, the adsorbent, under optimized conditions, compared with other sorbents described in the literature, presented higher potential adsorption.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the Research Supporting Foundation of the State of São Paulo (FAPESP, proposal no. 2015/07033-7, 2018/10887-6, 2019/ 07822-2), LNNano, Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, CNPEM/MCTI for TEM and XPS analyses, Teaching, Research, and Extension Supporting Fund of the University of Campinas (FAEPEX), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and the University of Campinas (UNICAMP). This research was supported by LNBR, Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (CNPEM/MCTIC) during the use of the characterization of macromolecules (MAC) open-access facility. The authors thank to prof. Dr. Carlos Roque Duarte Correia for allowing us to use his laboratory facilities and to Espaço da Escrita, Coordenadoria Geral da Universidade, UNICAMP, for the language services provided.
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Highlights
- The pyridinium-π and π-π interactions play important role for cationic surfactant adsorption onto GO.
- The kinetics of CPC, BZC, and DTAB adsorption onto GO was fast.
- High removal capacities of CPC (2083 mg/g), BZC (431 mg/g), and DTAB (329 mg/g) were achieved.
- GO was successfully used in three consecutive cycles, keeping high adsorption capacities.
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de Figueiredo Neves, T., Kushima Assano, P., Rodrigues Sabino, L. et al. Influence of Adsorbent/Adsorbate Interactions on the Removal of Cationic Surfactants from Water by Graphene Oxide. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 304 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04669-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04669-w