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Genome mapping of three major resistance genes to woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.)

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Abstract

Woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.) can be a major economic problem to apple growers in most parts of the world, and resistance breeding provides a sustainable means to control this pest. We report molecular markers for three genes conferring WAA resistance and placing them on two linkage groups (LG) on the genetic map of apple. The Er1 and Er2 genes derived from ‘Northern Spy’ and ‘Robusta 5,’ respectively, are the two major genes that breeders have used to date to improve the resistance of apple rootstocks to this pest. The gene Er3, from ‘Aotea 1’ (an accession classified as Malus sieboldii), is a new major gene for WAA resistance. Genetic markers linked to the Er1 and Er3 genes were identified by screening random amplification of polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; RAPD) markers across DNA bulks from resistant and susceptible plants from populations segregating for these genes. The closest RAPD markers were converted into sequence-characterized amplified region markers and the genome location of these two genes was assigned to LG 08 by aligning the maps around the genes with a reference map of ‘Discovery’ using microsatellite markers. The Er2 gene was located on LG 17 of ‘Robusta 5’ using a genetic map developed in a M.9 × ‘Robusta 5’ progeny. Markers for each of the genes were validated for their usefulness for marker-assisted selection in separate populations. The potential use of the genetic markers for these genes in the breeding of apple cultivars with durable resistance to WAA is discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported in part by grants from ENZAFRUIT New Zealand (International), PREVAR™ and the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. The authors thank Mike Cook and Wendy Legg for their help with leaf collection, DNA preparation and marker analysis.

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Author notes

  1. A. Patocchi

    Present address: Agroscope Changins–Wädenswil Research Station ACW, Plant Protection, Phytopathology, P.O. Box 185, Schloss, CH-8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, HortResearch Hawke’s Bay, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, 4157, New Zealand

    V. G. M. Bus, M. T. Malone, A. C. Ranatunga & D. S. Tustin

  2. HortResearch Palmerston North, Private Bag 11 030, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand

    D. Chagné, H. C. M. Bassett, D. Bowatte, J.-M. Celton & S. E. Gardiner

  3. HortResearch Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    E. H. A. Rikkerink

  4. School of Resources Management, Southwest Forestry College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

    J. Zhou

  5. UMR ‘GenHort’ Génétique et Horticulture, INRA Centre d’Angers, 49071, Beaucouzé cedex, France

    F. Calenge & C.-E. Durel

  6. Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    A. Patocchi

Authors
  1. V. G. M. Bus
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  2. D. Chagné
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  3. H. C. M. Bassett
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  4. D. Bowatte
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  5. F. Calenge
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  7. C.-E. Durel
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  8. M. T. Malone
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  9. A. Patocchi
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  10. A. C. Ranatunga
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Correspondence to V. G. M. Bus.

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Communicated by A. Abbott

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Bus, V.G.M., Chagné, D., Bassett, H.C.M. et al. Genome mapping of three major resistance genes to woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.). Tree Genetics & Genomes 4, 223–236 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0103-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0103-3

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