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Purinergic signalling in endocrine organs

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Abstract

There is widespread involvement of purinergic signalling in endocrine biology. Pituitary cells express P1, P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes to mediate hormone release. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) regulates insulin release in the pancreas and is involved in the secretion of thyroid hormones. ATP plays a major role in the synthesis, storage and release of catecholamines from the adrenal gland. In the ovary purinoceptors mediate gonadotrophin-induced progesterone secretion, while in the testes, both Sertoli and Leydig cells express purinoceptors that mediate secretion of oestradiol and testosterone, respectively. ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline is involved in activities of the pineal gland and in the neuroendocrine control of the thymus. In the hypothalamus, ATP and adenosine stimulate or modulate the release of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone, as well as arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin. Functionally active P2X and P2Y receptors have been identified on human placental syncytiotrophoblast cells and on neuroendocrine cells in the lung, skin, prostate and intestine. Adipocytes have been recognised recently to have endocrine function involving purinoceptors.

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Acknowledgments

Andrea Nistri made helpful suggestions that improved the first draft of this review. The author is very grateful to Dr Gillian E. Knight for her invaluable assistance in the preparation of this review article.

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  1. Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK

    Geoffrey Burnstock

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Geoffrey Burnstock

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Burnstock, G. Purinergic signalling in endocrine organs. Purinergic Signalling 10, 189–231 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11302-013-9396-x

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