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Histopathological study of toxic effects of carbaryl on digestive tract of Bufotes variabilis (Anura: Bufonidae)

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Abstract

Due to the negative effects of pesticide usage in environment, i.e., decline in amphibian populations, this study was designed to examine histopathologic changes following carbaryl exposure for 96 h in the digestive tract of variable toad, Bufotes variabilis. After exposure to single doses of carbaryl (low dose 50 μg/g, medium dose 100 μg/g, and high dose: 200 μg/g), the toads were euthanized and dissected and digestive tract samples were quickly removed. Histopathology revealed esophageal vacuolization and necrosis in esophageal cells. Hemorrhage was also observed in the esophagus. In the stomach, necrosis in the glandular epithelium, congested blood vessels, edema among gastric glands, dilated tips of the mucosal epithelial layer, gastric glandular atrophy, and hemorrhage were found. In the intestine, edema within villi, hemorrhage, inflammation, vacuolization, and necrosis in epithelial cells of villi were detected. This study clearly showed that carbaryl caused adverse effects on the digestive tract of B. variabilis in all dose groups.

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Acknowledgments

This study was approved by Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs in Turkey (date: 22 September 2011, number: 11875). The animal ethical committee of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine (2011-166) also approved this work.

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Correspondence to Özlem Çakıcı.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Çakıcı, Ö. Histopathological study of toxic effects of carbaryl on digestive tract of Bufotes variabilis (Anura: Bufonidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 13432–13437 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6529-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6529-0

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