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Genotoxic effect of a binary mixture of dicamba- and glyphosate-based commercial herbicide formulations on Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) (Anura, Bufonidae) late-stage larvae

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Abstract

The acute toxicity of two herbicide formulations, namely, the 57.71 % dicamba (DIC)-based Banvel® and the 48 % glyphosate (GLY)-based Credit®, alone as well as the binary mixture of these herbicides was evaluated on late-stage Rhinella arenarum larvae (stage 36) exposed under laboratory conditions. Mortality was used as an endpoint for determining acute lethal effects, whereas the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay was employed as genotoxic endpoint to study sublethal effects. Lethality studies revealed LC5096 h values of 358.44 and 78.18 mg L−1 DIC and GLY for Banvel® and Credit®, respectively. SCGE assay revealed, after exposure for 96 h to either 5 and 10 % of the Banvel® LC5096 h concentration or 5 and 10 % of the Credit® LC5096 h concentration, an equal significant increase of the genetic damage index (GDI) regardless of the concentration of the herbicide assayed. The binary mixtures of 5 % Banvel® plus 5 % Credit® LC5096 h concentrations and 10 % Banvel® plus 10 % Credit® LC5096 h concentrations induced equivalent significant increases in the GDI in regard to GDI values from late-stage larvae exposed only to Banvel® or Credit®. This study represents the first experimental evidence of acute lethal and sublethal effects exerted by DIC on the species, as well as the induction of primary DNA breaks by this herbicide in amphibians. Finally, a synergistic effect of the mixture of GLY and DIC on the induction of primary DNA breaks on circulating blood cells of R. arenarum late-stage larvae could be demonstrated.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the National University of La Plata (Grants 11/N699 and 11/N746) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET, PIP No. 0344) from Argentina.

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  1. Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina

    Sonia Soloneski, Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute & Marcelo L. Larramendy

  2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Sonia Soloneski, Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute & Marcelo L. Larramendy

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  1. Sonia Soloneski
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  2. Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
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Soloneski, S., Ruiz de Arcaute, C. & Larramendy, M.L. Genotoxic effect of a binary mixture of dicamba- and glyphosate-based commercial herbicide formulations on Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) (Anura, Bufonidae) late-stage larvae. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 17811–17821 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6992-7

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