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Effect of the green synthesized rGO and Mg/rGO nanocomposites on the phytochemical assay, toxicity, and metabolism of Mentha longifolia in vitro cultures

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Abstract

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Mg/rGO nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared by an eco-friendly technique using Rosa canina fruit extract. Physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity to Mentha longifolia in vitro cultures of these nanomaterials were examined by using XRD, FESEM, EDX, FT-IR, DLS/zeta potential, UV–Visible, and GC–MS techniques. The characterization techniques confirmed the synthesis of rGO and Mg/rGO NCs with particle sizes less than 20 nm (based on FESEM). In accordance to the biological measurements, rGO showed in vitro cytotoxicity to M. longifolia shoot cultures. Mg/rGO NCs showed no significant difference in the growth parameters except for a decrease in the shoot number at the concentrations of 50 and 150 mg/L and a decrease in the length of the tallest root at the concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/L, however efficiently improved the photosynthetic pigment contents. The phytochemical assay depicted that the total content of volatile compounds was increased in the treated cultures with 25, 50, and 100 mg/L of rGO and Mg/rGO NCs in comparison to the control. Generally, the more oxygenated and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes were observed in the cultures treated with 25 and 100 mg/L of rGO and 25 and 50 mg/L of Mg/rGO NCs.

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Funding

The authors wish to thank the University of Tabriz for their financial supports.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Saeed Jafarirad

  2. Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Saeed Jafarirad, Monireh Aminpour & Zahra Rezaei

  3. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Morteza Kosari‑Nasab

  4. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Morteza Kosari‑Nasab

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  1. Saeed Jafarirad
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  2. Morteza Kosari‑Nasab
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  3. Monireh Aminpour
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  4. Zahra Rezaei
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SJ and MKN conceived and designed the study. SJ, MA, MKN, and ZR performed the study.

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Correspondence to Saeed Jafarirad or Morteza Kosari‑Nasab.

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Jafarirad, S., Kosari‑Nasab, M., Aminpour, M. et al. Effect of the green synthesized rGO and Mg/rGO nanocomposites on the phytochemical assay, toxicity, and metabolism of Mentha longifolia in vitro cultures. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 46243–46258 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18761-7

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