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Responses of soil microbial community to nitrogen fertilizer and precipitation regimes in a semi-arid steppe

  • Soils, Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Changes of nitrogen (N) cycle caused by N fertilization and precipitation regimes have affected the key ecosystem structure and functions in temperate steppe, which may modify the structure of soil microbial communities involved in N transformation. This paper was designated to examine the response of soil ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers to the N fertilization and precipitation regimes in a semi-arid steppe where N and water contents are major limiting factors of the grassland productivity.

Materials and methods

This study was based on a long-term N fertilization and precipitation regimes experiment in Inner Mongolia (116° 17′ 20″ E, 42° 2′ 29″ N). The treatments including CK (control), R (reduced precipitation), W (30% increase in precipitation), N (10 g N m−2 y−1), RN (reduced precipitation and 10 g N m−2 y−1), and WN (30% increase in precipitation and 10 g N m−2 y−1). Soil basic chemical properties and microbial activities were analyzed. Molecular methods were applied to determine the abundance, structure and diversity of ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers. Statistical analysis detected the main and interactive effect of treatments on soil microbial communities and revealed the relationship between soil microbial community structures and environmental factors.

Results and discussion

N fertilization significantly increased ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) community structure was markedly changed in N fertilizer treatment and strongly affected by soil pH, while soil nitrate and water content correlated with AOB community structure. Soil nitrate was the key factor influencing nirK gene community structure, while soil pH and water content explained much of the variations of nosZ gene community. AOB-amoA and nosZ gene community diversities were influenced by precipitation regimes and interaction of N fertilization and precipitation regimes, respectively.

Conclusions

N fertilization and precipitation regimes had significant influences on the changes of soil properties and microbial functional communities. Soil nitrification was mainly driven by AOB in the semi-arid grassland. Changes of substrate content and soil pH were the key factors in shifting functional microbial communities. The non-synergistic effects of N fertilization and precipitation regimes on the microbial functional groups indicated that the negative effect of lower pH induced by N fertilization would be alleviated by precipitation regimes, which should be well considered in grassland restoration.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted as part of a research project (Global Change Multi-factor Experiment - Siziwangqi). We thank Bayinnamula Zhao and Rui Guo from the Agricultural University of the Inner Mongolia for providing help in collecting soils. This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China [grant number 2013CB956300] and the Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 41371265].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

    Yi-Fei Sun, Ju-Pei Shen, Cui-Jing Zhang, Li-Mei Zhang & Ji-Zheng He

  2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yi-Fei Sun, Ju-Pei Shen, Cui-Jing Zhang, Li-Mei Zhang & Ji-Zheng He

  3. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China

    Wen-Ming Bai & Ying Fang

  4. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia

    Ji-Zheng He

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  1. Yi-Fei Sun
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Sun, YF., Shen, JP., Zhang, CJ. et al. Responses of soil microbial community to nitrogen fertilizer and precipitation regimes in a semi-arid steppe. J Soils Sediments 18, 762–774 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1846-6

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