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Evaluating the efficacy of fungal strains to stimulate glyceollin production in soybeans

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Abstract

The rampant use of antibiotics in the swine industry has caused an increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Thus, investigating novel natural antimicrobial compounds that can be supplemented into swine feed is of great importance. Glyceollins are members of a class of inducible phytochemicals that are naturally produced by soybeans and have antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Previous research has concluded that 3 mg glyceollins per g soybean is the target production that would enable glyceollins to be used as an antimicrobial in swine feed. In this study, the optimal soybean germination conditions for glyceollin production were elucidated and utilized. Also, 8 fungal strains were evaluated for their ability to stimulate glyceollin production in soybeans. The fungal strains were inoculated on soybeans that were either manually de-hulled and halved or still encased by the hull. It was determined that Trichoderma reesei NRRL 3653 inoculated on de-hulled soybeans yielded significantly higher glyceollin production (3.763 mg/g) than all other treatments investigated in this study, which was a ∼3-fold increase in production compared to a previously published study. This study strongly suggests that T. reesei can stimulate glyceollin production from soybeans at a high enough concentration to become a novel natural antimicrobial in swine feed.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

GI50 :

50% growth inhibition

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

MS:

Mass spectrometer

PDA:

Photodiode array detector

RT:

Retention time

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support from the Agricultural Experimentation Station at South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA. The authors acknowledge Dr. Kerry O’Donnell of the USDA NCAUR for sequencing and identifying fungal contaminants isolated from our laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, PO Box 2204A, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA

    Isabel C. Isaac, Tylor J. Johnson, Emily L. Baldwin, Bishnu Karki & William R. Gibbons

  2. Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, M409 Walters Life Sciences, 1414 W. Cumberland Ave, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Tylor J. Johnson

  3. United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Mark Berhow

  4. Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, PO Box 2170, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA

    Tofuko Woyengo

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  1. Isabel C. Isaac
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  2. Tylor J. Johnson
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  3. Mark Berhow
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  4. Emily L. Baldwin
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Correspondence to Tylor J. Johnson.

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The authors declare no financial or commercial conflict of interest.

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Section Editor: Marc Stadle

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Isaac, I.C., Johnson, T.J., Berhow, M. et al. Evaluating the efficacy of fungal strains to stimulate glyceollin production in soybeans. Mycol Progress 16, 223–230 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1269-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1269-1

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