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Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective

  • Obesity (KM Gadde and P Singh, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Diabetes Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the exercise-regulated endocrine signals that might modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, in humans.

Recent Findings

Exercise induces WAT browning in rodents by means of a variety of physiological mechanism. However, whether exercise induces WAT browning in humans is still unknown. Nonetheless, a number of protein hormones and metabolites, whose signaling can influence thermogenic adipocyte’s metabolism, are secreted during and/or after exercise in humans from a variety of tissues and organs, such as the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, the liver, the adrenal glands, or the cardiac muscle.

Summary

Overall, it seems plausible to hypothesize that, in humans, exercise secretes an endocrine cocktail that is likely to induce WAT browning, as it does in rodents. However, even if exercise elicits a pro-browning endocrine response, this might result in a negligible effect if blood flow is restricted in thermogenic adipocyte–rich areas during exercise, which is still to be determined. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the exercise-induced secretion (i.e., to determine the effect of the different exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume) of endocrine signaling molecules that might modulate BAT activity and/or WAT browning or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, during exercise. The exercise effect on BAT metabolism and/or WAT browning could be one of the still unknown mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial health effects, and it might be pharmacologically mimicked.

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Acknowledgments

This study was performed as part of a PhD thesis conducted within the Official Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine of the University of Granada, Spain.

Funding

This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via Retos de la Sociedad (DEP2016-79512-R) and European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU13/04365, FPU16/02828 FPU16/03653), the Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa RETIC (Red SAMID RD16/0022), the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigación 2016–Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigación 2018 (Programa Contratos Puente and Perfeccionamiento de Doctores), the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades (ERDF; ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR), and the Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, “José Mataix Verdú” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez & Concepcion M Aguilera

  2. Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain

    Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez & Concepcion M Aguilera

  3. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain

    Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez & Concepcion M Aguilera

  4. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto

  5. PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto, Jonatan R Ruiz & Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado

  6. Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Jonatan R Ruiz & Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado

  7. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado

Authors
  1. Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
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  2. Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto
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  3. Concepcion M Aguilera
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  4. Jonatan R Ruiz
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  5. Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
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Correspondence to Jonatan R Ruiz or Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Obesity

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Mendez-Gutierrez, A., Osuna-Prieto, F.J., Aguilera, C.M. et al. Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective. Curr Diab Rep 20, 40 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-020-01319-7

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