Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

IL28B: Current and Future Use

  • Hepatitis C: Therapeutics (E Lawitz and M Manns, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Hepatitis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Host genetic variability in the vicinity of the IL28B gene is strongly associated with the outcome of pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin treatment for genotype 1 hepatitis C infection. In the setting of protease inhibitor triple therapy, this association is attenuated. However, IL28B genotype continues to be useful for guiding duration of therapy, as well as selecting the most cost-effective treatment regimen. Recent data suggests that IL28B genotype may remain relevant to future interferon-free regimens. This review explores the clinical role of IL28B genotyping in the context of current and evolving therapies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Lavanchy D. The global burden of hepatitis C. Liver International: Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. 2009;29 Suppl 1:74–81. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19207969. Accessed March 26, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ly KN, Xing J, Klevens RM, Jiles RB, Ward JW. Original research the increasing burden of mortality from viral hepatitis in the United. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(4):271–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. •• Ge D, Fellay J, Thompson AJ, et al. Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance. Nature. 2009;461(7262):399–401. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19684573. Accessed July 25, 2011. This was one of the landmark trials that led to the discovery of the IL28B gene as an important predictor of treatment outcome in Genotype 1 HCV patients receiving PegIFN and RBV.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. •• Tanaka Y, Nishida N, Sugiyama M, et al. Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Nat Genet. 2009;41(10):1105–9. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19749757. Accessed August 2, 2011. This was one of the landmark trials that led to the discovery of the IL28B gene as an important predictor of treatment outcome in Genotype 1 HCV patients receiving PegIFN and RBV.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. •• Suppiah V, Moldovan M, Ahlenstiel G, et al. IL28B is associated with response to chronic hepatitis C interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy. Nat Genet. 2009;41(10):1100–4. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19749758. Accessed July 22, 2011. This was one of the landmark trials that led to the discovery of the IL28B gene as an important predictor of treatment outcome in Genotype 1 HCV patients receiving PegIFN and RBV.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Thomas DL, Thio CL, Martin MP, et al. Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. Nature. 2009;461(7265):798–801. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759533. Accessed July 10, 2011.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. •• Rauch A, Kutalik Z, Descombes P, et al. Genetic variation in IL28B is associated with chronic hepatitis C and treatment failure: a genome-wide association study. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(4):1338–45. 1345.e1-7. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20060832. Accessed June 27, 2011. This was one of the landmark trials that led to the discovery of the IL28B gene as an important predictor of treatment outcome in Genotype 1 HCV patients receiving PegIFN and RBV.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Conjeevaram HS, Fried MW, Jeffers LJ, et al. Peginterferon and ribavirin treatment in African American and Caucasian American patients with hepatitis C genotype 1. Gastroenterology. 2006;131(2):470–7. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16890601. Accessed March 21, 2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Muir AJ, Bornstein JD, Killenberg PG. Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in blacks and non-Hispanic whites. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(22):2265–71. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15163776.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. McHutchison JG, Lawitz EJ, Shiffman ML, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b or alfa-2a with ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C infection. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(6):580–93. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Dev AT, McCaw R, Sundararajan V, Bowden S, Sievert W. Southeast Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C: the impact of novel genotypes and race on treatment outcome. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2002;36(5):1259–65. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12395338. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Tillmann HL, Thompson AJ, Patel K, et al. A polymorphism near IL28B is associated with spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus and jaundice. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(5):1586–92. 1592.e1. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20637200. Accessed February 14, 2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kotenko SV, Gallagher G, Baurin VV, et al. IFN-lambdas mediate antiviral protection through a distinct class II cytokine receptor complex. Nat Immunol. 2003;4(1):69–77. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12483210. Accessed June 14, 2011.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sheppard P, Kindsvogel W, Xu W, et al. IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R. Nat Immunol. 2003;4(1):63–8. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12469119. Accessed August 19, 2011.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Witte K, Gruetz G, Volk H-D, et al. Despite IFN-lambda receptor expression, blood immune cells, but not keratinocytes or melanocytes, have an impaired response to type III interferons: implications for therapeutic applications of these cytokines. Genes Immun. 2009;10(8):702–14. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19798076. Accessed April 8, 2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Marcello T, Grakoui A, Barba-Spaeth G, et al. Interferons alpha and lambda inhibit hepatitis C virus replication with distinct signal transduction and gene regulation kinetics. Gastroenterology. 2006;131(6):1887–98. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17087946. Accessed July 11, 2011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Robek MD, Boyd BS, Chisari FV. Lambda interferon inhibits hepatitis B and C virus replication. Society. 2005;79(6):1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Muir AJ, Shiffman ML, Zaman A, et al. Phase 1b study of pegylated interferon lambda 1 with or without ribavirin in patients with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2010;52(3):822–32. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564352. Accessed March 8, 2012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Marukian S, Andrus L, Sheahan TP, et al. Hepatitis C virus induces interferon-λ and interferon-stimulated genes in primary liver cultures. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(6):1913–23. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3219820&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed February 29, 2012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Thomas E, Gonzalez VD, Li Q, et al. HCV infection induces a unique hepatic innate immune response associated with robust production of type III interferons. Gastroenterology. 2012. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22248663. Accessed March 15, 2012.

  21. Urban TJ, Thompson AJ, Bradrick SS, et al. IL28B genotype is associated with differential expression of intrahepatic interferon-stimulated genes in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2010;52(6):1888–96. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20931559. Accessed September 19, 2011.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Honda M, Sakai A, Yamashita T, et al. Hepatic ISG expression is associated with genetic variation in interleukin 28B and the outcome of IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(2):499–509. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20434452. Accessed October 4, 2011.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dill MT, Duong FHT, Vogt JE, et al. Interferon-induced gene expression is a stronger predictor of treatment response than IL28B genotype in patients with hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(3):1021–31. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21111740. Accessed December 5, 2011.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. McGilvray I, Feld JJ, Chen L, et al. Hepatic cell-specific gene expression better predicts HCV treatment outcome than IL28B genotype. Gastroenterology. 2012. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S001650851200145X. Accessed January 30, 2012.

  25. Sarasin-Filipowicz M, Oakeley EJ, Duong FHT, et al. Interferon signaling and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(19):7034–9. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2383932&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Golden-Mason L, Bambha KM, Cheng L, et al. Natural killer inhibitory receptor expression associated with treatment failure and interleukin-28B genotype in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(5):1559–69. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3206734&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract. Accessed April 9, 2012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Thompson AJ, Muir AJ, Sulkowski MS, et al. Interleukin-28B polymorphism improves viral kinetics and is the strongest pretreatment predictor of sustained virologic response in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(1):120.e18–9.e18. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20399780. Accessed July 24, 2011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Bochud P-Y, Bibert S, Negro F, et al. IL28B polymorphisms predict reduction of HCV RNA from the first day of therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2011;55(5):980–8. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21354446. Accessed October 26, 2011.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Asselah T, De Muynck S, Broët P, et al. IL28B polymorphism is associated with treatment response in patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2012;56(3):527–32. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Mangia A, Thompson AJ, Santoro R, et al. An IL28B polymorphism determines treatment response of hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 patients who do not achieve a rapid virologic response. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(3):821–7. 827.e1. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20621700. Accessed November 7, 2011.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Stättermayer AF, Stauber R, Hofer H, et al. Impact of IL28B genotype on the early and sustained virologic response in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2011;9(4):344.e2–50.e2. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20728570. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lindh M, Lagging M, Färkkilä M, et al. Interleukin 28B gene variation at rs12979860 determines early viral kinetics during treatment in patients carrying genotypes 2 or 3 of hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(12):1748–52. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21606533. Accessed March 16, 2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chayama K, Hayes CN, Abe H, et al. IL28B but not ITPA polymorphism is predictive of response to pegylated interferon, ribavirin, and telaprevir triple therapy in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(1):84–93. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628662. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sinn DH, Kim YJ, Lee S-T, et al. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism near the interleukin-28B gene with response to hepatitis C therapy in Asian patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26(9):1374–9. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501223. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Sarrazin C, Susser S, Doehring A, et al. Importance of IL28B gene polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 and 3 infected patients. J Hepatol. 2011;54(3):415–21. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112657.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Moghaddam A, Melum E, Reinton N, et al. IL28B genetic variation and treatment response in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;53(3):746–54. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21374656. Accessed September 6, 2011.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Yu M-L, Huang C-F, Huang J-F, et al. Role of interleukin-28B polymorphisms in the treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection in Asian patients. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;53(1):7–13. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21254157. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Scherzer T-M, Hofer H, Staettermayer AF, et al. Early virologic response and IL28B polymorphisms in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin. J Hepatol. 2011;54(5):866–71. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21145807.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Liu C-H, Liang C-C, Liu C-J, et al. Interleukin 28B genetic polymorphisms and viral factors help identify hepatitis C virus genotype 1 patients who benefit from 24 week of peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(S1):A414.

    Google Scholar 

  40. •• Jacobson IM, McHutchison JG, Dusheiko G, et al. Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(25):2405–16. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21696307. This was a pivotal Phase 3 trial that demonstrated a significant improvement in SVR with an NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with PegIFN and RBV in treatment naive Genotype 1 HCV patients vs. PegIFN and RBV alone.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. • Jacobson IM, Catlett I, Marcellin P, et al. Telaprevir substantially improved Svr rates across all Il28B genotypes in the advance trial. J Hepatol. 2011;54:S542–3. A1369. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827811613718. Accessed April 8, 2012. This study analysed the effect of the IL28B gene on SVR in treatment naive Genotype 1 HCV patients treated with an NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with PegIFN and RBV.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. •• Zeuzem S, Andreone P, Pol S, et al. Telaprevir for retreatment of HCV infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(25):2417–28. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21696308. This was a pivotal Phase 3 trial that demonstrated a significant improvement in SVR with an NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with PegIFN and RBV in treatment experienced Genotype 1 HCV patients vs. PegIFN and RBV alone.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. • Pol S, Aerssens J, Zeuzem S, et al. Similar Svr rates in Il28B Cc, Ct or Tt prior relapser partial- or null-responder patients treated with telaprevir/peginterferon/ribavirin: retrospective analysis of the realize study. J Hepatol. 2011;54:S6–7. A13. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827811600159. Accessed April 8, 2012. This study analysed the effect of the IL28B gene on SVR in treatment experienced Genotype 1 HCV patients treated with an NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with PegIFN and RBV.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. •• Poordad F, McCone Jr J, Bacon B. Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(13):1195–206. Available at: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1010494. Accessed March 14, 2012. This was a pivotal Phase 3 trial that demonstrated a significant improvement in SVR with an NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with PegIFN and RBV in treatment naive Genotype 1 HCV patients vs. PegIFN and RBV alone.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. • Poordad F, Bronowicki J-P, Gordon SC, et al. IL28B polymorphism predicts virologic response in patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 treated with Boceprevir (Boc) combination therapy. J Hepatol. 2011;54(S6). A12. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827811600147. Accessed April 8, 2012. This study performed a combined analysis on the effect of the IL28B gene on SVR in treatment naive and treatment experienced Genotype 1 HCV patients treated with an NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with PegIFN and RBV.

  46. Thompson AJ, Clark PJ, Tillmann HL, et al. IL28B C/C genotype is predictive of >1 log10 IU/mL reduction in plasma HCV RNA after 4 weeks of peginterferon and ribavirin therapy: implications for the use of the lead-in strategy for direct-acting antiviral-based treatment regimens. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(S1):A157.

    Google Scholar 

  47. •• Bacon BR, Gordon SC, Lawitz E. Boceprevir for previously treated chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;41(2):122–3. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677916. This was a pivotal Phase 3 trial that demonstrated a significant improvement in SVR with an NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with PegIFN and RBV in treatment experienced Genotype 1 HCV patients vs. PegIFN and RBV alone.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Cammà C, Petta S, Enea M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of boceprevir or telaprevir for untreated patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 2012:1–46. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22454336. Accessed April 9, 2012.

  49. Liu S, Cipriano L, Holodniy M. New protease inhibitors for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C—a cost effective analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:279–90. Available at: http://www.annals.org/content/156/4/279.short. Accessed April 9, 2012.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Gellad ZF, Naggie S, Reed SD, et al. The cost-effectiveness of a telaprevir-inclusive regimen as initial therapy for genotype 1 hepatitis C infection in individuals with the CC IL-28B polymorphism. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(S1):A118.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Kowdlev KV, Läwitz E, Crespo I, et al. Atomic: 97 % RVR for PSI-7977 + PEG/RBV × 12 week regimen in HCV GT1: an end to response-guided therapy? J Hepatol. 2012;56:abstract 1. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827812002437. Accessed 10 May 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Lok A, Gardiner D, Lawitz E, et al. Preliminary study of two antiviral agents for hepatitis C genotype 1. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(3):216–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gane EJ, Stedman C, Hyland RH, et al. Once daily PSI-977 plus ribavirin: pegylated interferon-alfa not required for complete rapid viral response in treatment-naive patients with HCV GT2 or GT3. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(Number 4 (Supp)):A34.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Chayama K, Takahashi S, Toyota J, et al. Dual therapy with the nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor, daclatasvir, and the nonstructural protein 3 protease inhibitor, asunaprevir, in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b-infected null responders. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2012;55(3):742–8. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21987462. Accessed March 14, 2012.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gane EJ, Roberts SK, Stedman CAM, et al. Oral combination therapy with a nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (RG7128) and danoprevir for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection (INFORM-1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9751):1467–75. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20951424. Accessed April 9, 2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Chu TW, Kulkarni R, Gane EJ, et al. Effect of IL28B genotype on early viral kinetics during interferon-free treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(4):790–5. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22248659. Accessed April 10, 2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Zeuzem S, Soriano V, Asselah T, et al. Svr4 and Svr12 with an interferon-free regimen of Bi201335 and Bi207127, +/− ribavirin, in treatment-naive patients with chronic genotype-1 Hcv infection: interim results of sound-C2. J Hepatol. 2012;56:S45-A101. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827812601159. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Lawitz E, Poordad F, DeJesus E, et al. Abt-450/Ritonavir (Abt-450/R) combined with pegylated interferon alpha-2a/ribavirin after 3-day monotherapy in genotype 1 (Gt1) Hcv-infected treatment-naive subjects: 12-week sustained virologic response (Svr12) and safety results. J Hepatol. 2012;56:S470-A1187. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827812611994. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Sulkowski MS, Asselah T, Ferenci P, et al. Treatment with the second generation HCV protease inhibitor BI201335 results in high and consistent SVR rates—results from SILEN-C1 in treatment-naive patients across different baseline factors. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(4 (Supp))):A226.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Fried MW. TMC435 in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin in treatment-naïve HCV genotype 1 patients: final analysis of the PILLAR Phase IIB study. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(4 (Supp)):LB-5.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Terrault NA, Cooper C, Balart LA, et al. High sustained virologic response (svr24) rates with response-guided danoprevir (dnv; rg7227) plus pegifn α-2a (40kd) and ribavirin (p/r) in treatment-naive hcv genotype 1 (g1) patients: results from the atlas study. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(4 (Supp)):A79.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Pockros P, Jensen D, Tsai N, et al. First Svr data with the nucleoside analogue polymerase inhibitor mericitabine (Rg7128) combined with peginterferon/ribavirin in treatment-naive Hcv G1/4 patients: interim analysis from the jump-C trial. J Hepatol. 2011;54:S538. A1359. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827811613615. Accessed April 30, 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Lawitz E. Once-daily PSI-7977 plus Peg/RBV in treatment-naïve patients with HCV GT1: robust end of treatment response rates are sustained post-treatment. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54(S1):A225.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Gane EJ, Pockros P, Zeuzem S, et al. Interferon-free treatment with a combination of mericitabine and danoprevir/R with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive Hcv genotype 1-infected patients. J Hepatol. 2012;56:S470-A1412. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827812614238. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Chayama K, Takahashi S, Kawakami Y, Ikeda K. Dual oral combination therapy with the NS5A inhibitor BMS-790052 and the NS3 protease BMS-650032 achieved 90 % sustained virologic response (SVR12) in HCV genotype 1B-infected null responders. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2011;54:A1428. LB-4.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Lok A, Gardiner D, Lawitz E, et al. Quadruple therapy with BMS-790052, BMS-650032 and Peg-IFN/Rbv for 24 weeks results in 100 % Svr12 in Hcv genotype 1 null responders. J Hepatol. 2011;54:S536. A1356. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827811613585. Accessed April 30, 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Lawitz E, Poordad F, Kowdley KV, et al. A 12-week interferon-free regimen of Abt-450/R, Abt-072, and ribavirin was well tolerated and achieved sustained virologic response in 91 % treatment-naive Hcv Il28B-Cc genotype-1-infected subjects. J Hepatol. 2012;56:S7-A13. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168827812600270. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Poordad F, Lawitz E, Kowdley KV, et al. 12-week interferon-free regimen of Abt-450/R +Abt-333 +Ribavirin achieved Svr12 in more than 90 % of treatment-naive Hcv genotype-1-infected subjects and 47 % of previous non-responders. J Hepatol. 2012;56:S549–50. A1399. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016882781261410X. Accessed May 10, 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Disclosure

Dr. A. Thompson has worked as a consultant for Merck, Roche, and Janssen, has received grant support from Merck, Gilead Sciences, and Roche, as well as honoraria from Gilead Sciences, Roche, BMS, Merck, and Janssen. AT is also a co-inventor of a patent related to the IL28B discovery.

Dr. P. Desmond has worked as a consultant for Merck, Roche and Janssen.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. St. Vincent’s Hospital (Melbourne), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3065

    S. G. Chen Yi Mei, P. V. Desmond & A. J. Thompson

  2. Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    A. J. Thompson

  3. Department of Gastroenterology & Duke Clinical research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    A. J. Thompson

Authors
  1. S. G. Chen Yi Mei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. V. Desmond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. J. Thompson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. J. Thompson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mei, S.G.C.Y., Desmond, P.V. & Thompson, A.J. IL28B: Current and Future Use. Curr Hepatitis Rep 11, 136–145 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11901-012-0135-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11901-012-0135-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation