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Good, Bad, or Ugly: the Biological Roles of Bone Marrow Fat

  • Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue (G Duque and B Lecka-Czernik, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Osteoporosis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Bone marrow fat expresses mixed characteristics, which could correspond to white, brown, and beige types of fat. Marrow fat could act as either energy storing and adipokine secreting white fat or as a source of energy for hematopoiesis and bone metabolism, thus acting as brown fat. However, there is also a negative interaction between marrow fat and other elements of the bone marrow milieu, which is known as lipotoxicity. In this review, we will describe the good and bad roles of marrow fat in the bone, while focusing on the specific components of the negative effect of marrow fat on bone metabolism.

Recent Findings

Lipotoxicity in the bone is exerted by bone marrow fat through the secretion of adipokines and free fatty acids (FFA) (predominantly palmitate). High levels of FFA found in the bone marrow of aged and osteoporotic bone are associated with decreased osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, decreased hematopoiesis, and increased osteoclastogenesis. In addition, FFA such as palmitate and stearate induce apoptosis and dysfunctional autophagy in the osteoblasts, thus affecting their differentiation and function.

Summary

Regulation of marrow fat could become a therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Inhibition of the synthesis of FFA by marrow fat could facilitate osteoblastogenesis and bone formation while affecting osteoclastogenesis. However, further studies testing this hypothesis are still required.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Level 3 WCHRE, 176 Furlong Road, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia

    Lakshman Singh, Sonia Tyagi, Damian Myers & Gustavo Duque

  2. Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia

    Lakshman Singh, Sonia Tyagi, Damian Myers & Gustavo Duque

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  1. Lakshman Singh
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  2. Sonia Tyagi
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Lackshman Singh, Sonia Tyagi, Damian Myers, and Gustavo Duque declare no conflict of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue

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Singh, L., Tyagi, S., Myers, D. et al. Good, Bad, or Ugly: the Biological Roles of Bone Marrow Fat. Curr Osteoporos Rep 16, 130–137 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-018-0427-y

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