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Biodegradation of the Pesticides Bifenthrin and Fipronil by Bacillus Isolated from Orange Leaves

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Abstract

The pyrethroid bifenthrin and the phenylpyrazole fipronil are widely employed insecticides, and their extensive use became an environmental issue. Therefore, this study evaluated their biodegradation employing bacterial strains of Bacillus species isolated from leaves of orange trees, aiming at new biocatalysts with high efficiency for use singly and in consortium. Experiments were performed in liquid culture medium at controlled temperature and stirring (32 °C, 130 rpm). After 5 days, residual quantification by HPLC-UV/Vis showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RFD1C presented 93% biodegradation of fipronil (10.0 mg.L−1 initial concentration) and UPLC-HRMS analyses identified the metabolite fipronil sulfone. Moreover, Bacillus pseudomycoides 3RF2C showed a biodegradation of 88% bifenthrin (30.0 mg.L−1 initial concentration). A consortium composed of the 8 isolated strains biodegraded 81% fipronil and 51% bifenthrin, showing that this approach did not promote better results than the most efficient strains employed singly, although high rates of biodegradation were observed. In conclusion, bacteria of the Bacillus genus isolated from leaves of citrus biodegraded these pesticides widely applied to crops, showing the importance of the plant microbiome for degradation of toxic xenobiotics.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express gratitude for the support offered by PhD Rodrigo Facchini Magnani from Fundecitrus, and to PhD Charlene Souza dos Anjos from University of São Paulo that isolated the employed bacterial strains.

Funding

The author J. G. Viana thanks to São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for her master's degree scholarship, grant #2017/24429–7, and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for additional support. W. G. Birolli is grateful to CNPq for his doctorate's degree scholarship, grant #141656/2014–0, and to FAPESP for his postdoctoral scholarship, grant #2017/19721–0. A. L. M. Porto thanks to FAPESP, grant #2014/18257–0, and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), grant #400202/2014–0, for research funding.

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  1. Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Ed. Prof. Douglas Wagner Franco, J. Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil

    Juliana Galan Viana, Willian Garcia Birolli & André Luiz Meleiro Porto

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MSc Juliana G. Viana: conceptualization, methodology, validation, software, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, visualization. PhD Willian G. Birolli: conceptualization, methodology, writing—review and editing, visualization. Prof. André L. M. Porto: conceptualization, methodology, resources, writing—review and editing, visualization, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Juliana Galan Viana or André Luiz Meleiro Porto.

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Viana, J.G., Birolli, W.G. & Porto, A.L.M. Biodegradation of the Pesticides Bifenthrin and Fipronil by Bacillus Isolated from Orange Leaves. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 3295–3310 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04294-9

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