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G-protein Coupled Receptors in Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation

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Abstract

Stem cells have great potential for understanding early development, treating human disease, tissue trauma and early phase drug discovery. The factors that control the regulation of stem cell survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation are still emerging. Some evidence now exists demonstrating the potent effects of various G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands on the biology of stem cells. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of the regulation of embryonic and somatic stem cell maintenance and differentiation by GPCR ligands.

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Abbreviations

2-AG:

2-Arachidonoylglycerol

AEA:

Anandamide

ATX:

Autotaxin

CNS:

Central nervous system

CM:

Cardiomyocyte

DAGL:

Diacylglycerol lipase

GDP:

Guanosine diphosphate

GEF:

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors

GTP:

Guanosine triphosphate

GPCR:

G-protein coupled receptor

G-CSF:

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

ET:

Endothelin

FAAH:

Fatty acid amide hydrolase

hESC:

Human embryonic stem cell

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cell

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

MAGL:

Monoacylglycerol lipase

MAP:

Mitogen-activated protein

MEF:

Mouse embryonic fibroblast

MSC:

Mesenchymal/stromal stem cell

NADA:

N-arachidonoyl-dopamine

NAPE-PLD:

N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D

NCC:

Neural crest cells

NS/PC:

Neural stem/progenitor cells

OPC:

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PTX:

Pertussis toxin

S1P:

Sphingosine-1-phosphate

SDF-1:

Stromal-derived factor

SK:

Sphingosine kinase

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by The O’Brien Foundation, The University of Melbourne, NHMRC/JDRF Programme Grant, Helen Macpherson Smith Trust and the Operational Infrastructure Support Scheme of the state of Victoria.

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The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell Medicine, O’ Brien Institute, Melbourne, Australia

    Nao R. Kobayashi, Jeremy M. Crook & Alice Pébay

  2. Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Nao R. Kobayashi & Jeremy M. Crook

  3. Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    Susan M. Hawes

  4. Centre for Neuroscience & Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Alice Pébay

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  1. Nao R. Kobayashi
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  2. Susan M. Hawes
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Correspondence to Alice Pébay.

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Kobayashi, N.R., Hawes, S.M., Crook, J.M. et al. G-protein Coupled Receptors in Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 6, 351–366 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-010-9167-9

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