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Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state?

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Abstract

Myostatin and irisin are two myokines related to energy metabolism, acting on skeletal muscle and recently suggested on adipose tissue in mice. However, the exact role of these myokines in humans has not been fully established. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic controls and to explore its links with metabolic parameters. Case–control study including 73 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 55 non-diabetic subjects as control group. Circulating myostatin and irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed significantly lower myostatin levels (p = 0.001) and higher irisin levels (p = 0.036) than controls. An inverse relationship was observed between myostatin and irisin levels (p = 0.002). Moreover, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, after adjusting by confounder factors, myostatin was negatively related to fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.005) and to triglyceride levels (p = 0.028) while irisin showed a positive association with these variables (p = 0.017 and p = 0.006 respectively). A linear regression analysis showed that irisin and fasting plasma glucose levels were independently associated to myostatin levels and that myostatin and triglyceride levels were independently associated to irisin concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Our results suggest that serum levels of myostatin and irisin are related in patients with type 2 diabetes. Triglyceride and glucose levels could modulate myostatin and irisin concentrations as a compensatory mechanism to improve the metabolic state in these patients although further studies are needed to elucidate whether the action of these myokines represents an adaptative response.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge Amanda Rocío Gonzalez (Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental Alejandro Otero (FIBAO) from Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada) and María Teresa Miranda (Medicine Faculty, University of Granada) for her statistical advice. We also acknowledge Glenn Harding (Hard’n Fast Traducciones S.L.) for his assistance in article writing in English. This work was supported in part by Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social (Junta de Andalucía) Grant (PI05142012), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (Instituto Carlos III) Grants (PI12/02141) with co-financing from FEDER and RETICEF (RD06/0013/1014-RD12/0043/0014).

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Correspondence to Manuel Muñoz-Torres.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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García-Fontana, B., Reyes-García, R., Morales-Santana, S. et al. Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state?. Endocrine 52, 54–62 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0758-8

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