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The Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on Dura Mater Nitric Oxide Levels and Vessel-Contraction Responses in Sympathectomized Rats

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Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) and neurogenic inflammation in dura mater due to nociceptor activation has been implicated for pathophysiology of primary headache disorders. Development of migraine has also been observed in patients treated with ganglion blockage for sympathetic reflex dystrophy. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective neuropeptide. This study is intended to investigate the effects of VIP on dura mater NO levels and vessel-contraction responses in sympathectomized rats. In the experiments, 30 male rats in five groups were used. Group 1 sympathectomized: under anesthesia, superior cervical sympathetic ganglion was removed via incision at the center line in the neck area. Group 2 sympathectomized + VIP: postoperative VIP of 25 ng/kg/day (0.2 ml) intraperitoneally administered to the rats exposed to the same operations for 5 days. Group 3 sham: ganglia and nerves were exposed but not dissected. Group 4 control: no treatment was done. Group 5 VIP: only VIP was administered for 5 days. Sympathectomy induced a significant increase in dura mater NO levels and VIP decreased NO to control levels and increased the norepinephrine vessel-contraction responses of sympathectomized rats. VIP is an efficient NO modulator in superior cervical ganglionectomized rats.

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Abbreviations

cGMP:

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CGRP:

Calcitonin gene-related peptide

CNS:

Central nervous system

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

GTN:

Glyceryl trinitrate

IS:

Internal standard

KH:

Krebs–Henseleit

MMP-9:

Matrix metalloproteinase-9

NE:

Norepinephrine

NO:

Nitric oxide

SCG:

Superior cervical ganglionectomized group

SNS:

Sympathetic nervous system

TNF-alpha:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

PACAP:

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

VIP:

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

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Acknowledgments

This study was presented in Neuropeptide Festival, Joint Meeting of the European Neuropeptide Club and the Summer Neuropeptide Conference, Salzburg, Austria, 20–23 July 2009.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 14280, Turkey

    Fatma Tore

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Orhan Tansel Korkmaz & Nese Tunçel

  3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Dilek Dogrukol-Ak

Authors
  1. Fatma Tore
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  2. Orhan Tansel Korkmaz
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  3. Dilek Dogrukol-Ak
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  4. Nese Tunçel
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Correspondence to Fatma Tore.

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Tore, F., Korkmaz, O.T., Dogrukol-Ak, D. et al. The Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on Dura Mater Nitric Oxide Levels and Vessel-Contraction Responses in Sympathectomized Rats. J Mol Neurosci 41, 288–293 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-009-9310-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-009-9310-8

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