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The Effect of Vine Kill Method on Vine Kill, Tuber Skinning Injury, Tuber Yield and Size Distribution, and Tuber Nutrients and Phytonutrients in Two Potato Cultivars Grown for Early Potato Production

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Abstract

Sixteen vine kill programs were tested on Bintje and Ciklamen potato cultivars grown for early potato production over a three year period near Paterson, Washington. Mechanical (flail chopping, flail chopping and undercutting), chemical (glufosinate, diquat, sulfuric acid, carfentrazone, pyraflufen-ethyl), and physical (flaming) vine kill methods, and sequential combinations of the three were effective in killing rapidly growing potato vines of Bintje and Ciklamen. Rolling and crimping did not kill vines as completely and more vine regrowth occurred than with most other methods tested. Tuber skinning injury was greatly reduced when harvesting at 4 weeks after initial vine kill than at 2 weeks. None of the vine kill programs were able to hasten skin set enough to allow tubers to be harvested at 2 weeks after initial vine kill without significant tuber skinning injury. Glufosinate treatments that were applied several days earlier than other initial vine kill treatments tended to average less skinning injury at the early harvest possibly due to more time elapsing between initial vine kill and harvest. Total tuber yield and size distribution were similar among most vine kill treatments, with the exception of the earlier applied glufosinate treatments, which tended to reduce total yield, but still yielded a similar mass of desired 25 to 35 mm diameter tubers. Tubers from vine-killed plots tended to average greater N, P, K, Fe, and Ca content than tubers from non-killed control plots of both cultivars. Tuber ascorbate levels were also greater in non-killed controls, whereas total phenolic content tended to be greatest in earlier-applied glufosinate treatments. Nonchemical vine kill methods, chemical vine kill methods, and combinations of the two were identified that killed vines well, had low skinning injury at the 4 week harvest, and yielded similar amounts of 25 to 35 mm diameter early potato tubers.

Resumen

Se probaron 16 programas de muerte del follaje en las variedades de papa Bintje y Ciklamen cultivadas para producción temprana de papa en un período de tres años cerca de Paterson, Washington. Los métodos mecánicos de secado (picado y picado con corte al suelo), químico (glufosinato, diquat, ácido sulfúrico, carfentrazone, etil-piraflufeno), y físico (con flama) y combinaciones secuenciadas de los tres, fueron efectivos en la muerte rápidamente de los follajes de papa en crecimiento de Bintje y Ciklamen. El enrollado y el engastado no mataron los follajes completamente, y se presentó más rebrote de follaje que con la mayoría de los otros métodos probados. El daño por descascareo del tubérculo se redujo grandemente cuando se cosechó cuatro semanas después del secado que con dos semanas. Ninguno de los programas del secado del follaje fue capaz de acelerar el embarnecimiento de la piel lo suficiente para permitir a los tubérculos que fueran cosechados dos semanas después del desecado inicial sin daño significativo de descascareo. Los tratamientos con glufosinato que fueron aplicados varios días más temprano que otros tratamientos iniciales de eliminación del follaje, tendieron a promediar menos daño de descascareo en la cosecha temprana, posiblemente debido al mayor tiempo que pasó entre la eliminación inicial del follaje y la cosecha. El rendimiento total de tubérculo y la distribución de tamaños fueron similares entre la mayoría de los tratamientos de desecado, con excepción de los tratamientos aplicados temprano de glufosinato, los cuales tuvieron la tendencia de reducir el rendimiento total, pero aun así rindieron una masa similar de tubérculos deseados de 25 a 35 mm de diámetro. Los tubérculos de los lotes desecados tendieron a promediar un contenido mayor de N, P, K, Fe, y Ca que los tubérculos de los lotes testigos no desecados de ambas variedades. Los niveles de ascorbato en los tubérculos también fueron mayores en los testigos sin eliminación del follaje, mientras que el contenido de fenoles totales tuvo la tendencia de ser mayor en los tratamientos de aplicación temprana de glufosinato. Los métodos no químicos de eliminación de follaje, los químicos, y las combinaciones de los dos, se les identificó como que eliminaron bien al follaje, ocasionaron bajo daño en la piel, a las cuatro semanas a la cosecha, y rindieron cantidades similares de 25 a 35 mm de diámetro de tubérculos tempranos de papa.

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Acknowledgements

We thank AgriNorthwest farm for supplying land, irrigation water, and electricity for the Paterson, WA research farm. We thank Potandon Produce and J.R. Simplot Co.for providing seed tubers of Ciklamen and Bintje used in these studies and the Washington State Potato Commission for partial funding of the research. We also thank Encarnacion Rivera, Treva Anderson, Bill Boge, Marc Seymour, and Joanne Holden for their excellent technical support.

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Correspondence to R. A. Boydston.

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Boydston, R.A., Navarre, D.A., Collins, H.P. et al. The Effect of Vine Kill Method on Vine Kill, Tuber Skinning Injury, Tuber Yield and Size Distribution, and Tuber Nutrients and Phytonutrients in Two Potato Cultivars Grown for Early Potato Production. Am. J. Potato Res. 95, 54–70 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-017-9614-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-017-9614-0

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