Abstract
This paper presents development and evaluation of a passive shoulder joint tracking device for allowing natural three-dimensional movement of the shoulder joint (Glenohumeral joint) during upper limb rehabilitation. The shoulder joint is one of the most sophisticated joint in human body as it involves not only three-dimensional rotation but also three-dimensional translation simultaneously. Existing upper limb rehabilitation devices account for three-dimensional rotation of the shoulder joint but lack in three-dimensional translation. This paper presents design and analysis of a three-degrees of freedom (DOF) passive shoulder joint tracker that allows natural translation of the joint in three-dimensional space. One-DOF vertical tracker compensates for the weight of arm and device by using simple spring mechanism and two-DOF horizontal tracker consists of two-link mechanism allowing twodimensional translation in horizontal plane. Performance of the passive tracker was evaluated through an experimental analysis with eight human subjects. An upper limb rehabilitation device (J-WREX) combined with the tracker allowed greater range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint in all three directions and followed the shoulder joint with acceptable tracking error. The passive tracker can be attached to existing upper limb devices to improve the performance by allowing natural shoulder joint movement.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zorowitz, R. D., Hughes, M. B., Idank, D., Ikai, T., and Johnston, M. V., “Shoulder Pain and Subluxation after Stroke: Correlation or Coincidence?” American Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 194–201, 1996.
Ikai, T., Tei, K., Yoshida, K., Miyano, S., and Yonemoto, K., “Evaluation and Treatment of Shoulder Subluxation in Hemiplegia: Relationship between Subluxation and Pain1,” American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Vol. 77, No. 5, pp. 421–426, 1998.
Turner-Stokes, L. and Jackson, D., “Shoulder Pain after Stroke: A Review of the Evidence Base to Inform the Development of an Integrated Care Pathway,” Clinical Rehabilitation, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 276–298, 2002.
Smith, R. G., Cruikshank, J. G., Dunbar, S., and Akhtar, A. J., “Malalignment of the Shoulder after Stroke,” British Medical Journal, Vol. 284, No. 6324, pp. 1224–1226, 1982.
Fu, F. H., Harner, C. D., and Klein, A. H., “Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Critical Review,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Vol. 269, pp. 162–173, 1991.
Clarke, G. R., Willis, L. A., Fish, W. W., and Nichols, P. J. R., “Assessment of Movement at the Glenohumeral Joint,” Orthopaedics, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 55–71, 1974.
Binder, A., Bulgen, D., Hazleman, B., and Roberts, S., “Frozen Shoulder: A Long-Term Prospective Study,” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 361–364, 1984.
Shaffer, B., Tibone, J., and Kerlan, R. K., “Frozen Shoulder. a Long-Term Follow-up,” The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 738–746, 1992.
Dvir, Z. and Berme, N., “The Shoulder Complex in Elevation of the Arm: A Mechanism Approach,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 219–225, 1978.
Maurel, W. and Thalmann, D., “A Case Study on Human upper Limb Modelling for Dynamic Simulation,” Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 65–82, 1999.
Borstad, J. D. and Ludewig, P. M., “Comparison of Scapular Kinematics between Elevation and Lowering of the Arm in the Scapular Plane,” Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 17, No. 9, pp. 650–659, 2002.
Karduna, A. R., McClure, P. W., Michener, L. A., and Sennett, B., “Dynamic Measurements of Three-Dimensional Scapular Kinematics: A Validation Study,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 184–190, 2001.
Forte, F. C., de Castro, M. P., de Toledo, J. M., Ribeiro, D. C., and Loss, J. F., “Scapular Kinematics and Scapulohumeral Rhythm during Resisted Shoulder Abduction-Implications for Clinical Practice,” Physical Therapy in Sport, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 105–111, 2009.
Inman, V. T. and Abbott, L. C., “Observations of the Function of the Shoulder Joint,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Vol. 330, pp. 3–12, 1996.
Haumont, T., Rahman, T., Sample, W., King, M. M., Church, C., et al., “Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton: A Novel Device to Maintain Arm Improvement in Muscular Disease,” Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. e44–e49, 2011.
Colomer, C., Baldovi, A., Torrome, S., Navarro, M., Moliner, B., Ferri, J., and Noe, E., “Efficacy of Armeo Spring during the Chronic Phase of Stroke. Study in Mild to Moderate Cases of Hemiparesis,” Neurologia (English Edition), Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 261–267, 2013.
Calabr, R. S., Russo, M., Naro, A., Milardi, D., Balletta, T., et al., “Who May Benefit from Armeo Power Treatment? A Neurophysiological Approach to Predict Neurorehabilitation Outcomes,” PM&R, In Press, Corrected Proof, DOI No. 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.02.004, 2016.
Kim, J.-Y., Yang, U.-J., and Park, K., “Design, Motion Planning and Control of Frozen Shoulder Rehabilitation Robot,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 15, No. 9, pp. 1875–1881, 2014.
Loh, B. G. and Rosen, J., “Kinematic Analysis of 7 Degrees of Freedom Upper-Limb Exoskeleton Robot with Tilted Shoulder Abduction,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 69–76, 2013.
Scano, A., Spagnuolo, G., Caimmi, M., Chiavenna, A., Malosio, M., Legnani, G., and Tosatti, L. M., “Static and Dynamic Characterization of the Lightarm Exoskeleton for Rehabilitation,” Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), pp. 428–433, 2015.
Rahman, M. H., Rahman, M., Cristobal, O. L., Saad, M., Kenn, J.-P., and Archambault, P. S., “Development of a whole Arm Wearable Robotic Exoskeleton for Rehabilitation and to Assist Upper Limb Movements,” Robotica, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 19–39, 2015.
Nef, T. and Riener, R., “Shoulder Actuation Mechanisms for Arm Rehabilitation Exoskeletons,” Proc. of 2nd IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, pp. 862–868, 2008.
Park, H.-S., Ren, Y., and Zhang, L.-Q., “Intelliarm: An Exoskeleton for Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Neurological Impairments,” Proc. of 2nd IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, pp. 109–114, 2008.
Kim, B. and Deshpande, A. D., “Controls for the Shoulder Mechanism of an Upper-Body Exoskeleton for Promoting Scapulohumeral Rhythm,” Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), pp. 538–542, 2015.
Drillis, R., Contini, R., and Bluestein, M., “Body Segment Parameters: A Survey of Measurement Techniques,” Artificial Limbs, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 44–66, 1964.
Wu, G., Van der Helm, F. C., Veeger, H. D., Makhsous, M., Van Roy, P., et al., “ISB Recommendation on Definitions of Joint Coordinate Systems of Various Joints for the Reporting of Human Joint Motion -Part II: Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist and Hand,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 981–992, 2005.
Piazza, S. J., Erdemir, A., Okita, N., and Cavanagh, P. R., “Assessment of the Functional Method of Hip Joint Center Location Subject To Reduced Range of Hip Motion,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 349–356, 2004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, JH., Lee, KS., Lee, S.U. et al. A passive shoulder joint tracking device for effective upper limb rehabilitation. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 17, 1533–1540 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-016-0179-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-016-0179-5