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Unveiling the Variability and Multiscale Structure of Soybean Hulls for Biotechnological Valorization

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Abstract

Soybean hulls (SBH) are an important agroindustrial residue that is highly susceptible to cellulolytic enzymatic digestion. The multiscale structure of this biomass should be able to inform on the origins of its digestibility, but such relationships are currently unknown. This work employs multimodal techniques to learn SBH variability and multiscale structure. Tissue-scale images obtained by electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography, and Raman spectromicroscopy reveal tissue ruptures, lignin localized in the hilum region, and oriented, quite pure cellulose in palisade and hourglass cells of the extra-hilar region. Such specificities of SBH cellulose are reinforced by X-ray diffraction showing cellulose crystallites ~ 20% wider than in typical lignocellulosic biomass. SBH are also remarkably more porous than other lignocellulosic feedstocks in the critical pore size (> ~ 10 nm) for enzyme accessibility. Enzymatic hydrolysis confirmed the low recalcitrance of SBH, demonstrating high yields (e.g., 80% glucose) without SBH pretreatment. These results provide a basis for rationalizing the low recalcitrance of SBH, paving the way for novel developments in SBH biotechnological valorization.

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Acknowledgements

This research used resources of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), an open national facility operated by the Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) for the Brazilian Ministry for Science, Technology and Innovations (MCTI). The IMX beamline staff is acknowledged for the assistance during the microtomography experiments (proposal IMX 20170623). We acknowledge the Brazilian Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano) for the access and support with the Raman spectromicrometer. Funding from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Grant 18/07033-5) are acknowledged.

Funding

This work was supported by CNPq, FAPESP (Grant number 18/07033-5) and LNLS (Grant number IMX 20170623).

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  1. Programa Integrado de Pós-Graduação Em Bioenergia, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil

    Diogo F. Rosso & Carlos Driemeier

  2. Novozymes Latin America, Araucária, 83707-660, Brazil

    Diogo F. Rosso

  3. Laboratório Nacional de Biorrenováveis (LNBR), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil

    Djanira R. Negrão & Carlos Driemeier

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DFR: Conceptualization, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. DRN: Investigation. CD: Conceptualization, investigation, writing—review and editing, supervision.

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Rosso, D.F., Negrão, D.R. & Driemeier, C. Unveiling the Variability and Multiscale Structure of Soybean Hulls for Biotechnological Valorization. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 2095–2108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01655-z

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