Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Augmented reality in education and training: pedagogical approaches and illustrative case studies

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper explores the recent development and innovative uses of augmented reality (AR) in formal and informal education. Our research categorizes current AR technologies, introduces a review of relevant literature, and presents case studies illustrating AR implementation utilizing different pedagogical approaches. Based on current trends, the educational potential of AR tools and systems is discussed and factors impacting large-scale use in teaching and training are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Oculus Rift—https://www3.oculus.com/en-us/rift/.

  2. HTC Vive—https://www.vive.com/uk/.

  3. Microsoft Hololens—https://www.microsoft.com/microsoft-hololens/en-gb.

  4. Meta—https://www.metavision.com.

  5. Sony SmartEyeGlass—https://developer.sonymobile.com/products/smarteyeglass/.

  6. Epson Moverio—https://epson.com/moverio-augmented-reality.

  7. Sixth sense project—http://www.pranavmistry.com/projects/sixthsense/.

  8. Unity 3D—http://www.unity3d.com.

  9. Metaio—http://www.metaio.eu.

  10. SmartFox Server—http://www.smartfoxserver.com.

References

  • Akçayır, M, Akçayır, G (2017) Advantages and challenges associated with augmented for education: a systematic review of the literature. Educ Res Rev 20:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alhazrani A, Gardner M, Callaghan V, Alrashidi M (2015) Towards measuring learning effectiveness considering presence, engagement and immersion in a mixed and augmented reality learning environment. In: Proceedings of the 1st immersive learning research network (iLRN’15), Prague

  • Alrashidi M, Almohammadi K, Gardner M, Callaghan V (2017) Making the invisible visible: real-time feedback for embedded computing learning activity using pedagogical virtual machine with augmented reality. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on augmented reality, virtual reality and computer graphics (AVR 2017), Salento

  • Aromaa S, Aaltonen I, Kaasinen E, Elo J, Parkkinen I (2016). Use of wearable and augmented reality technologies in industrial maintenance work. In: Proceedings of the 20th international academic mindtrek conference. pp 235–242

  • Azuma RT (1997) A survey of augmented reality. Presence 6(4):355–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baird KM, Barfield W (1999) Evaluating the effectiveness of augmented reality displays for a manual assembly task. Virtual Reality 4(4):250–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman DA, Wingrave CA, Campbell JM, Ly VQ (2001) Using pinch gloves for both natural and abstract interaction techniques in virtual environments. HCI Int 629–633

  • Bruner JS (1990) Acts of meaning. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Bujak KR, Radu I, Catrambone R, MacIntyre B, Zheng R, Golubski G (2013) A psychological perspective on augmented reality in the mathmematics classroom. Computers Educ 68:536–544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caudell TP, Mizell, DW (1992) Augmented reality: an application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes. In: Proceedings of the twenty-fifth Hawaii international conference on system science. pp 659–669

  • Chatzidimitris T, Gavalas D, Michael D (2016) SoundPacman: audio augmented reality in location-based games. In Mediterranean electrotechnical conference (MELECON). pp 1–6

  • Chen P, Liu X, Cheng W, Huang, R (2017) A review of using augmented reality in education from 2011 to 2016. In: Innovations in smart learning, lecture notes in educational technology. pp 13–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Clemens RG, Purcell S, Slykhuis D (2016) Implementing augmented reality in K-12 education–analyzing current trends. In: Society for information technology & teacher education international conference. pp 1960–1967

  • Cuendet S, Bonnard Q, Do-Lenh S, Dillenbourg P (2013) Designing augmented reality for the classroom. Computers Educ 68:557–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey MD (2005) Engaging by design: how engagement strategies in popular computer and video games can inform instructional design. Educ Tech Res Dev 53(2):67–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dillenbourg P (1999) What do you mean by collaborative learning? https://telearn.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190240/document

  • Duh HBL, Klopfer E (eds) (2013) Augmented reality learning: new learning paradigm in co-space. Computers Educ 68:534–535

  • Funk M, Mayer S, Nistor M, Schmidt A, Pfaffenwaldring S (2016). Mobile in-situ pick-by-vision: order picking support using a projector helmet. pp 15–18

  • Gartner (2016) Gartner’s 2016 hype cycle for emerging technologies identifies three key trends that organizations must track to gain competitive advantage. Gartner Inc, Stamford. http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3412017

  • Gavish N, Gutiérrez T, Webel S, Rodríguez J, Peveri M, Bockholt U, Tecchia F (2015) Evaluating virtual reality and augmented reality training for industrial maintenance and assembly tasks. Interact Learning Environ 23(6):778–798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George A (2015) Lockheed is using these augmented reality glasses to build fighter jets. Pop Mech. http://www.popularmechanics.com/flight/a13967/lockheed-martin-augmented-reality-f-35/

  • Gredvig J, Larson H, Ridolfi P, Romenesko E (2011) Augmented reality and learning. Internal report, Educational Technology, San Diego State University, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood A, Wang MJ (2017) Augmented reality and mobile learning. In Crompton H, Traxler J (eds), Mobile learning in higher education: challenges in context. Routledge, Abingdon

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson S, Feiner S (2011) Exploring the benefits of augmented reality documentation for maintenance and repair. IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graphics 17(10):1355–1368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hořejší P (2015). Augmented reality system for virtual training of parts assembly. Procedia Eng 100:699–706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins H, Purushotma R, Weigel M, Clinton K, Robison AJ (2009) Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GM (2005) Instructionism and constructivism: reconciling two very good ideas.

  • Johnson L, Adams Becker S, Cummins M, Estrada V, Freeman A, Hall C (2016) NMC horizon report: 2016 higher education edition. The New Media Consortium, Austin, Texas

    Google Scholar 

  • Kesim M, Ozarslan Y (2012) Augmented reality in education: current technologies and the potential for education. Procedia-Soc Behav Sci 47:297–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd SH, Crompton H (2016) Augmented learning with augmented reality. In D. Churchill et al. (Eds.) Mobile learning design, lecture notes in educational technology. Springer, Singapore, pp 97–108

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lee K (2012) Augmented reality in education and training. TechTrends 56(2):13–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee IJ, Chen CH, Chang KP (2016) Augmented reality technology combined with three-dimensional holography to train the mental rotation ability of older adults. Comput Hum Behav 65:488–500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manuri F, Sanna A (2016) A survey of applications of augmented reality. Adv Computer Sci 5(1):18–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Milgram P, Kishino F (1994) A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Trans Inf Syst 77(12):1321–1329

    Google Scholar 

  • Mistry P, Maes P (2009) SixthSense: a wearable gestural interface. In: ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2009 sketches. ACM, New York, p 11

    Google Scholar 

  • Novak D, Wang MJ, Callaghan V, Zhao XL (2012) Looking in, looking out: augmented reality created by LCD heads-up displays and personal projectors. In Jia JY (ed) Educational stages and interactive learning: from kindergarten to workplace training. IGI Publishing, Hershey, pp 92–106

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Papert S, Harel I (1991) Situating constructionism. Constructionism 36(2):1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Pena-Rios A, Hagras H, Owusu G, Gardner M (2017) A fuzzy logic based system for geolocated augmented reality field service support. In: 2017 IEEE international conference on fuzzy systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE Computer Society, Naples

    Google Scholar 

  • Piekarski W, Smith R (2006) Robust gloves for 3D interaction in mobile outdoor AR environments. In: 2006 IEEE/ACM international symposium on mixed and augmented reality. ISMAR 2006, Santa Barbara, pp 251–252

  • Radu I (2014) Augmented reality in education: a meta-review and cross-media analysis. Pers Ubiquit Comput 18(6):1533–1543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson JD, Coltz JJ (2013) Augmenting your teaching using augmented reality. In Society for information technology & teacher education international conference. pp 3352–3353

  • Siemens G (2005) Connectivism: a learning theory for the digital age. Int J Instr Technol Distance Learn.

  • Slater M (1999) Measuring presence: a response to the witmer and singer presence questionnaire. Presence 8(5):560–565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland IE (1968) A head-mounted three dimensional display. In: Proceedings of fall joint computer conference. ACM, New York, pp 757–764

  • Tangworakitthaworn P, Gilbert L, Wills GB (2011) Towards a matching strategy of constructivism and instructionism. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/272598/1/ICCE2011_Preecha_CRC.pdf

  • Wasko C (2013) What teachers need to know about augmented reality enhanced learning environments. TechTrends 57(4):17–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webel S, Bockholt U, Engelke T, Peveri M, Olbrich M, Preusche C (2011). Augmented reality training for assembly and maintenance skills. In BIO web of conferences, vol 1. EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, p 97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wild F (2016) The future of learning at the workplace is augmented reality. Computer 49(10):96–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witmer BG, Singer MJ (1998) Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire. Presence 7(3):225–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao J, Xu Z, Yu Y, Cai S, Hansen P (2016) The design of augmented reality-based learning system applied in U-learning environment. In International conference on technologies for E-learning and digital entertainment. pp 27–36

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz RM (2016) Educational magic toys developed with augmented reality technology for early childhood education. Comput Hum Behav 54:240–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Aspects of this research were supported by the Shanghai Municipal Educational Commission (TPKY052WMJ). The case studies described in Sect. 4.2 and 4.3 are based on PhD projects completed by Ahmed R Alzahrani, and Malek Qalit Alrashidi under the supervision of Dr Michael Gardner and Prof Victor Callaghan. The case study described in Sect. 4.4 is part of a KTP research collaboration between the University of Essex and British Telecom (KTP9985).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Minjuan Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, M., Callaghan, V., Bernhardt, J. et al. Augmented reality in education and training: pedagogical approaches and illustrative case studies. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 9, 1391–1402 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-017-0547-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-017-0547-8

Keywords

Navigation